< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tam-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Conjugation
Conjugation of *tam- (Common Turkic)
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| verbal noun (infinitive) | *tamma(k) | |||||||
| verbal adjective | *tamgan (or tamduk) | |||||||
| way of doing | *tamïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | present | *tamurban (or tamurman) | *tamursaŋ | *tamur | *tamuruk (tamurbuz or tamurmuz) | *tamursuŋuz | *tamurlar | |
| past | seen or clear | *tamdïm | *tamdïŋ | *tamdï | *tamdïk (or tamdïmïz) | *tamdïŋïz | *tamdïlar | |
| heard or unclear | *tammïšban (or tammïšman) | *tammïšsaŋ | *tammïš | *tammïšïk (tammïšbïz or tammïšmïz) | *tammïšsïŋïz | *tammïšlar | ||
| future | *tamačakban (or tamačakman) | *tamačaksaŋ | *tamačak | *tamačakïk (tamačakbïz or tamačakmïz) | *tamačaksïŋïz | *tamačaklar | ||
| conditional | *tamsam | *tamsaŋ | *tamsa | *tamsak (or tamsamïz) | *tamsaŋïz | *tamsalar | ||
| optative | *tamayïŋ | *tamgasaŋ | *tamga | *tamalïm | *tamgasïŋïz | *tamgalar | ||
| progressive | *tammaktaban (or tammaktaman) | *tammaktasaŋ | *tammakta | *tammaktayïk (tammaktabïz or tammaktamïz) | *tammaktasïŋïz | *tammaktalar | ||
| necessitative | *tammalïgban (or tammalïgman) | *tammalïgsaŋ | *tammalïg | *tammalïgïk (tammalïgbïz or tammalïgmïz) | *tammalïgsïŋïz | *tammalïglar | ||
| imperative | *tamayïŋ | *tam | *tamsun | *tamalïm | *tamïŋ | *tamsunlar | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| verbal noun (infinitive) | *tammama(k) | |||||||
| verbal adjective | *tammagan (or tammaduk) | |||||||
| way of doing | *tammayïš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | present | *tammarban (or tammarman) | *tammarsaŋ | *tammaz | *tammarïk (tammarbïz or tammarmïz) | *tammarsïŋïz | *tammazlar | |
| past | seen or clear | *tammadïm | *tammadïŋ | *tammadï | *tammadïk (or tammadïmïz) | *tammadïŋïz | *tammadïlar | |
| heard or unclear | *tammamïšban (or tammamïšman) | *tammamïšsaŋ | *tammamïš | *tammamïšïk (tammamïšbïz or tammamïšmïz) | *tammamïšsïŋïz | *tammamïšlar | ||
| future | *tammayačakban (or tammayačakman) | *tammayačaksaŋ | *tammayačak | *tammayačakïk (tammayačakbïz or tammayačakmïz) | *tammayačakïŋïz | *tammayačaklar | ||
| conditional | *tammasam | *tammasaŋ | *tammasa | *tammasak (or tammasamïz) | *tammasaŋïz | *tammasalar | ||
| optative | *tammayayïŋ | *tammagasaŋ | *tammaga | *tammayalïm | *tammagasïŋïz | *tammagalar | ||
| progressive | *tammamaktaban (or tammamaktagman) | *tammamaktasaŋ | *tammamakta | *tammamaktayïk (tammamaktabïz or tammamaktamïk) | *tammamaktasïŋïz | *tammamaktalar | ||
| necessitative | *tammamalïgban (or tammamalïgman) | *tammamalïgsaŋ | *tammamalïg | *tammamalïgïk (tammamalïgbïz or tammamalïgmïz) | *tammamalïgsïŋïz | *tammamalïglar | ||
| imperative | *tammayayïŋ | *tamma | *tammasun | *tammayalïm | *tammayïŋ | *tammasunlar | ||
Derived terms
- *tamga (perhaps)
- *tamug (“hell”) (perhaps)
Descendants
- Karluk
- Karakhanid: تَمْتُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)/تَمْدُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)
- Uyghur: [script needed] (tamet-)
- Karakhanid: تَمْتُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)/تَمْدُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)
- Kipchak
- Siberian
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (tamdur), [script needed] (tam-)
- Yakut: тымыт (tımıt), тымтык (tımtık)
References
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 459b
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Tạm”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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