< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sen

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From oblique case of *sẹ-. Somewhat similar to Proto-Mongolic *ci (“you”) and Proto-Tungusic *si (“you”).

Pronoun

*sen

thou; you

Inflection

Declension of Proto-Turkic/sen

nominative	sẹ, sen
accusative	*seni
genitive	*seniŋ
dative	*senke
instrumental	*sen bile
locative	*sente
ablative	*senten

Postposition

*sen

Denotes "to be" for second person singular/plural when at the end of an object; are
Denotes second person singular or plural after various tenses

Related terms

*siŕ (“you”)

Descendants

Common Turkic
- Karakhanid: سَنْ‎ (sen)
- Old Turkic
  - Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰤‎‎ (sen)
  - Old Uyghur: sʾn (sen)
- Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (sen)
- Arghu
  - Khalaj: sən
- Oghuz
  - Azerbaijani: sən
  - Gagauz: sän
  - Ottoman Turkish: سن‎ (sen), سین‎ (-sin)
    - Turkish: sen, -sin
  - Salar: [script needed] (sēn)
  - Turkmen: sen
- Kipchak
  - Kipchak: [script needed] (sen)
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (sen)
  - West Kipchak
    - Crimean Tatar: sen
    - Karachay-Balkar: сен (sen)
    - Kumyk: сен (sen)
  - North Kipchak
    - Bashkir: һин (hin)
    - Tatar: син (sin)
  - South Kipchak
    - Caspian
      - Kazakh: сен (sen)
      - Karakalpak: сен
      - Nogai: сен (sen)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak
      - Kyrgyz: сен (sen)
      - Southern Altai: сен (sen)
- Karluk
  - Chagatai: سن‎‎ (sän)
    - Uzbek: sen
    - Uyghur: سەن‎ (sen)
- Siberian
  - North Siberian
    - Dolgan: эн (en)
    - Yakut: эн (en)
  - South Siberian
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (sen)
    - Yenisei Turkic
      - Khakas: син (sin)
      - Shor: сен (sen)
    - Sayan Turkic
      - Tofa: сен (sen)
      - Tuvan: сен (sen)
Oghur
- Chuvash: эсӗ (es̬ĕ)

Further reading

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*si”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972), “sen”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 831

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