Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ordu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *or-.

Noun

*ordu

place
palace
lair, den
place of staying (of the army, ruler etc.)
army

Declension

Declension of *ordu

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*ordu
Accusative	ordunu, ordunug ¹⁾
Genitive	*ordunuŋ
Dative	*orduka
Locative	*orduda
Ablative	*ordudan
Instrumental ²⁾	*ordun
Equative ²⁾	*orduča

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Related terms

*orta (“middle”)

Descendants

Xiong-nu:
- → Old Chinese: 甌脫 (ōutuō)
→ Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠳ᠋ᠤ (ordu)
- Mongolian: орд (ord)
→ Kalmyk: орда (orda)
Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: ordu
    - Ottoman Turkish:
      - Turkish: ordu
  - Turkmen: orda
- Karluk:
  - Chagatai: اردو‎ (ordu)
    - → Urdu: اُردُو‎ (urdū, “Urdu language, camp, army”)
  - Karakhanid: [script needed] (ordu)
    - Uzbek: orda
    - Uyghur: ئوردا‎ (orda)
- Kipchak:
  - → Middle French: horde
  - → German: Horde
  - → Polish: horda
  - → Russian: орда (orda, “horde, clan, troop”)
  - → English: horde
  - → Macedonian: орда (orda)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: урда (urda)
    - Tatar: урда (urda)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Kumyk: [script needed] (orda)
    - Karaim: [script needed] (ordu)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Karakalpak: orda
      - Kazakh: орда (orda)
      - Nogai: орда (orda)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: ордо (ordo)
      - Southern Altai: орды (ordï)
- Siberian:
  - Old Turkic: [script needed] (ordu)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ordu)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Yakut: ордуу (orduu)
    - Dolgan: онну
  - South Kipchak:
    - Yenisei:
      - Khakas: [script needed] (orda)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*or-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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