< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/biŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ-/*bi- +‎ *-ŕ.

Pronoun

*biŕ

we

Postposition

*biŕ

Denotes "to be" for first person plural when at the end of an object; are
Denotes first person plural after various tenses

Related terms

*siŕ (“you (plural)”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: эпир (ep̬ir)
Common Turkic:

Old Turkic:
- Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰕‎‎ (b²iz‎ /biz/)
- Old Uyghur: pʾz (biz)
Karakhanid: [script needed] (biz)
Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (biz)
Arghu:
- Khalaj: [script needed] (biz)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (-vüz)
  - Azerbaijani: biz
  - Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (biz), [script needed] (-z, -iz)
    - Turkish: biz, -iz
    - Gagauz: biz
- Salar: bizler, biz
- Turkmen: biz, -iz
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: [script needed] (biz)
- Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (biz)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: biz
  - Karachay-Balkar: биз (biz)
  - Kumyk: биз (biz)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: беҙ (beð)
  - Tatar: без (bez)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: біз (biz)
    - Karakalpak: biz
    - Nogai: биз (biz)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: биз (biz)
    - Southern Altai: бис (bis)
Karluk:
- Chagatai: [script needed] (biz)
  - Uzbek: biz
  - Uyghur: بىز‎ (biz)
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: биһиги (bihigi)
  - Yakut: биһиги (bihigi)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: биъс (bis)
    - Tuvan: бис (bis)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: пiс (pis)
    - Shor: пiс (pis)
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (pız)

Further reading

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003) , “*bĭ̀”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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