< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms
  • *-gen

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

Suffix

*-gan

  1. Suffix creating verbal adjective.
    ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*sebgen (“(someone/something) who loves”)
    *beni *sebgen *it (”dog who loves me”)

Usage notes

Sometimes verbal adjectives turn into an adjective pronoun and become stereotyped for one thing. For example; ‎*sïč- (“to shit”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*sïčgan (“(someone) who shits”) became stereotyped for rat, mouse; ‎*tabïĺ- (“to run”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*tabïĺgan (“(someone) who runs”) became stereotyped for hare.

  • *sïč-gan (“rat, mouse”)
  • *tabïĺ-gan (“hare”)
  • *yogur-gan (“blanket”)
  • *sïbuĺ-gan (“earth-worm”)
  • *kaŕïl-gan (“currant”)
  • *čï̄p-gan (“furuncle; rash, pimple”)
  • *kaŕ-gan (“cauldron”)
  • *yab-gan (“unpleasant”)
  • *korï-gan (“guard, defender”)

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Volga Bulgar: -ان‎ (-an/en)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
      • Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
        • Uzbek: -gan
        • Uyghur: ـگان‎ (-gan), ـگەن‎ (-gen)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kän), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gän)
      • Tatar:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar:
      • Kumyk:
      • Karachay-Balkar:
      • Karaim:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Karakalpak:
        • Kazakh: -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)
        • Nogai:
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)
        • Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: [script needed] (-gan), [script needed] (-gän)

Derived terms
Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gan
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