< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xvala
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably a borrowing from a Scythian descendant of Proto-Iranian *húHarnah. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”).
Declension
Declension of *xvala (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xvala | *xvalě | *xvaly |
| Accusative | *xvalǫ | *xvalě | *xvaly |
| Genitive | *xvaly | *xvalu | *xvalъ |
| Locative | *xvalě | *xvalu | *xvalasъ, *xvalaxъ* |
| Dative | *xvalě | *xvalama | *xvalamъ |
| Instrumental | *xvalojǫ, *xvalǫ** | *xvalama | *xvalami |
| Vocative | *xvalo | *xvalě | *xvaly |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic
- West Slavic
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xvala”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 118
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “хвала”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 335
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хвала”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- В. В. Мартынов (1981), “Балто-славяно-иранские языковые отношения и глоттогенез славян: slava – xvala 'выражение благодарности'.”, in Балто-славянские исследования. 1980., Moscow: Nauka, page 25
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