< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wérˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *werH-, a Balto-Slavic-specific root extension of *h₂wer-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vérti (“to pierce, string”) (1sg. veriù, 1sg. past vė́riau), atvérti (“to open”) (1sg. àtveriu), užvérti (“to close”) (1sg. ùžveriu), Latvian vē̃rt (“to open, close”) (1sg. veŗu, 1sg. past vẽru).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit अपिवृणोति (apivṛṇoti, “to close, cover”), Latin aperiō (“to open, to uncover”) < *ap-wer-, operiō (“to close”) < *op-wer-, Oscan veru (“door”, pl.), Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (warjan, “to forbid, to block”), Middle High German wer (“protection”).
Alternative forms
- *vьrati (reanalyzed based on the present tense stem)
Inflection
Conjugation of *verti, *ver, *vьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *vьrtьje | *verti | *vertъ | *vьrlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *vьrtъ | *vьromъ |
| Active | *vьrъ | *vьry |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *verxъ | *ver | *ver | *vьrǫ | *vьreši | *vьretь |
| Dual | *verxově | *versta | *verste | *vьrevě | *vьreta | *vьrete |
| Plural | *verxomъ | *verste | *veršę | *vьremъ | *vьrete | *vьrǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *vьrěaxъ | *vьrěaše | *vьrěaše | — | *vьri | *vьri |
| Dual | *vьrěaxově | *vьrěašeta | *vьrěašete | *vьrěvě | *vьrěta | — |
| Plural | *vьrěaxomъ | *vьrěašete | *vьrěaxǫ | *vьrěmъ | *vьrěte | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*vьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle
- Intensive derivative: *-virati
Derived terms
- *zaverti (“to enclose, to lock”)
- *otъverti (“to open”)
- *vъverti (“to intrude”)
- *naverti (“to infix”)
- *sъverti (“to set up, to butt”)
- *proverti (“to shove through”)
- *jьzverti (“to spring out”)
- *vьrěti (“to boil, to brew”)
- *vьrtěti (“to rotate”)
- *-vorъ (“switch, turn”)
- *ob(v)orъ (“barn”)
- *otъvorъ (“opening”)
- *zatvorъ (“closure, prison”) (reanalyzed)
- *jьzvorъ (“spring”)
- *vortъ (“neck”)
- *vorta (“door”)
- *vьrvь (“string, thread”)
- *vьrvьca (“cord, string”)
- *vьrtь (“garden, fencing”)
- *verteno (“spindle”)
- *ver(t)mę (“time”)
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “вера́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “вра”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 177
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “-vrẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*verti̋, sed. *vьrǫ̋”
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