< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/podьlъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *podlъ (possibly, if originally West Slavic)
Etymology
Uncertain. May have had:
- West Slavic origin: From *podъ (“bottom”) + *-lъ, originally implying “low, basely”, later spread to East and South Slavic. Such an origin is synchronically improbable for non-Western branches since there Common *-dl- is rendered as plain *-l-.
- Common Slavic origin: From *podъ (“under”) + *-ьlъ, with the same suffix as Proto-Slavic *světьlъ (“bright”).
- Deadverbial[1]: From Proto-Slavic *podьlě (“along, beside”), equivalent to *po- + *dьlъ (“length”). Compare Czech vedle (“beside, alongside”) → Czech vedlejší (“minor, secondary”) for similar development.
Adjective
*podьlъ[1]
- inferior
- low
- Synonyms: *dolьnъ, *nizъkъ
- → dishonest, disrespectful, deceitful (for act/behavior)
- → vile, despicable, wicked (for person)
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *podьlъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}o |
| Accusative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ǫ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}o |
| Genitive | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a |
| Locative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě |
| Dative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u |
| Instrumental | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}omь | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ojǫ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}omь |
| Vocative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}e | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}o | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}o |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě |
| Accusative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě |
| Genitive | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u |
| Locative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}u |
| Dative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oma | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ama | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oma |
| Instrumental | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oma | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ama | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oma |
| Vocative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}i | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a |
| Accusative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a |
| Genitive | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъ |
| Locative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěxъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}axъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěxъ |
| Dative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}omъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}amъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}omъ |
| Instrumental | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ami | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y |
| Vocative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}i | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}y | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}a |
Definite declension of *podьlъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjь | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oje |
| Accusative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjь | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ǫjǫ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oje |
| Genitive | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ajego | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ajego |
| Locative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ějemь | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ějemь |
| Dative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ujemu | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ujemu |
| Instrumental | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimi | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ǫjǫ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimi |
| Vocative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjь | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}oje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji |
| Accusative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji |
| Genitive | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju |
| Locative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}uju |
| Dative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima |
| Instrumental | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjima |
| Vocative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}iji | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja |
| Accusative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja |
| Genitive | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjixъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjixъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}ъjixъ |
| Locative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjixъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjixъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjixъ |
| Dative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimъ | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimъ |
| Instrumental | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimi | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimi | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yjimi |
| Vocative | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}iji | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}yję | *{{{1}}}{{{2}}}aja |
Derived terms
- *podьlostь (“treachery”)
- *podьlьcь (“scoundrel”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “подлый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “подлый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 49
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “подъл”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 473
- підлий in Горох.au
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “pódəł”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “verjetno izpeljano iz pslovan. *podъ̏ ‛tla’... Druga možnost je ... iz pslovan. *podьle ‛poleg’”
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