Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbota

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *arbatā. Morphologically from *orbъ +‎ *-ota. Similar to Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“labour; hardship”), but with a different suffix.

Noun

*orbòta f

work

Inflection

Declension of *orbota (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*orbota	*orbotě	*orboty
Accusative	*orbotǫ	*orbotě	*orboty
Genitive	*orboty	*orbotu	*orbotъ
Locative	*orbotě	*orbotu	orbotasъ, orbotaxъ^*
Dative	*orbotě	*orbotama	*orbotamъ
Instrumental	orbotojǫ, orbotǫ^**	*orbotama	*orbotami
Vocative	*orboto	*orbotě	*orboty

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*orbъ

Derived terms

*orboťь
*orbotьlivъ
*orbotьnikъ

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: робота (robota)
  - Belarusian: рабо́та (rabóta)
  - Russian: рабо́та (rabóta), робо́та (robóta) (dialectal)
  - Rusyn: робота (robota)
  - Ukrainian: робо́та (robóta)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: работа (rabota)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⰱⱁⱅⰰ (rabota)
  - Russian: рабо́та (rabóta)
- Bulgarian: ра́бота (rábota)
- Macedonian: ра́бота (rábota)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ра̀бота
  
  Latin: ràbota
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): rȁbota
- Slovene: rabọ̑ta (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: robota
  - Czech: robota
- Kashubian: robòta
- Old Polish: robota
  - Polish: robota
- Slovak: robota
- Slovincian: rɵbʉ̀ɵ̯tă
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: robota
  - Lower Sorbian: robota

References

Trubachyov, Oleg, Zhuravlev, A. F., editors (2005), “*orbota”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 119
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*orbòta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “рабо́та”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

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