< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kyjь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kū́ˀjas, from Proto-Indo-European *kuh₂yos, from the root *kewh₂-.

Cognate with Lithuanian kūjis (“hammer”) and Old Prussian cugis (“hammer”).

Noun

*kỳjь or *ky̑jь m[1][2][3]

  1. stick, club
  2. hammer

Declension
Declension of *kỳjь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm a)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kỳjь *kỳja *kỳji
Accusative *kỳjь *kỳja *kỳję̇
Genitive *kỳja *kỳju *kỳjь
Locative *kỳji *kỳju *kỳjīxъ
Dative *kỳju *kỳjema *kỳjēmъ
Instrumental *kỳjьmь, *kỳjemь* *kỳjema *kỳjī
Vocative *kỳju *kỳja *kỳji
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Declension of *ky̑jь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *ky̑jь *ky̑ja *ky̑ji
Accusative *ky̑jь *ky̑ja *ky̑ję̇
Genitive *ky̑ja *kyjù *kỹjь
Locative *ky̑ji *kyjù *kyjĩxъ
Dative *ky̑ju *kyjemà *kyjèmъ
Instrumental *ky̑jьmь, *ky̑jemь* *kyjemà *kyjí
Vocative *kyju *ky̑ja *ky̑ji
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: кꙑи (kyj), кии (kij)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: кꙑи (kyj)
    • Bulgarian: кий (kij)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: киј
      Latin: kij
    • Slovene: kȋj (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kyj
    • Kashubian: czij
    • Polish: kij
    • Slovak: kyj
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: kij
      • Lower Sorbian: kij

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kyjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265: “m. jo ‘stick, club’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kyjь kyju/kyja”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “?c (NA 138); d (OSA 142) hammer”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kȋj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*ky̋jь (ali *ky̑jь)”
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