< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/buga
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *bǫga (possibly)
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *baugāˀ, of disputed origin:
- Vasmer, Georgiev: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, to bow”). Cognate with Latvian bauga (“marshy riverside, damp soil”) and akin to Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft”) whence Irish bogach (“boggy ground”), English bog.
- W. Osten-Sacken: Reflecting an underlying *bǫga, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng- (“to breach, to split”), perhaps a nasalized biform of *bʰeg- (“to break”). Cognate with Lithuanian bangà (“wave, billow”), Latvian buoga (“cleansed area within a field”), possibly further akin to Proto-Germanic *bankô (“enbankment, shore”), Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅgá, “breach, fold, ripple”). Usually met with scepticism by other Slavists, but note nonetheless regional Russian бу́жать (búžatʹ, “to dig sand/clay from a riverbank”) - per Vasmer, likely a derivative of descendant Russian бу́га (búga).
Unclear if related to either of Old Church Slavonic боугъ (bugŭ, “armband”), dial. Bulgarian бу́гла (búgla, “wedding pendant”) (seemingly cognate with Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“bracelet, badge”)); Russian буго́р (bugór, “hillock; strong wirlwind”); or hydronym *Bugъ, whence Western Bug, Southern Bug.
Noun
*buga f
Declension
Declension of *buga (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *buga | *budzě | *bugy |
| Accusative | *bugǫ | *budzě | *bugy |
| Genitive | *bugy | *bugu | *bugъ |
| Locative | *budzě | *bugu | *bugasъ, *bugaxъ* |
| Dative | *budzě | *bugama | *bugamъ |
| Instrumental | *bugojǫ, *bugǫ** | *bugama | *bugami |
| Vocative | *bugo | *budzě | *bugy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *bužati (probably)
- *bugavъ (“oozy, silty”)
- *bugajъ, *buganь (“heather grass/shrub”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: бу́га (búga) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: бу́га (búga) (regional, mainly in Western dialects)
- Macedonian: буга (buga, “drench, mold”) (dialectal)
- Serbian: бу̀га, possibly бу̏ђа (“mold, damp, dew”) (dialectal, merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish بوگه (büğe))
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “буга”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бужать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*buga”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 78
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “буга”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 86
- “banga”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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