< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bara
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Uncertain; possibly borrowed from a substrate language,[1] or perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bāˀrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-reh₂ (“shiny; something shiny”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”); compare Proto-Slavic *bolto (“swamp”), traditionally derived from *bʰel- (“shiny, white”), as also *bělь (“swampy meadow”), though also likely of substrate origin instead. The p- forms in Lower Sorbian and Polabian are closer to the Lithuanian pur̃vas (“mud”) and Latvian pùrvs (“bog”), Sudovian puro (“swamp”).
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension of *bara (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *bara | *bàrě | *bàry |
| Accusative | *bàrǫ | *bàrě | *bàry |
| Genitive | *bàry | *bàru | *bàrъ |
| Locative | *bàrě | *bàru | *bàrasъ, *bàraxъ* |
| Dative | *bàrě | *bàrama | *bàramъ |
| Instrumental | *bàrojǫ, *bàrǭ** | *bàrama | *bàramī |
| Vocative | *bàro | *bàrě | *bàry |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *barina, *barьje, *baruga, *barišče (augmenatives)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: бара (bara)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*bara”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 153
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бара”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “бар¹”, in Етимологічний словник української мови: у 7 т. [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 7 vols] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 136
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “бара”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 32
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2013), “Substratum words in Balto-Slavic”, in Filologija, volume 60, Zagreb, published 2014, page 76 of 75–102
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “bara -y”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (157)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “barje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ba̋ra”
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