< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jama
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
If related to Ancient Greek ἄμη (ámē, “shovel, water bucket”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *yā̆m- (“to dig”) or *sem- (“together”) (compare Russian аам (aam)).[1]
Declension
Declension of *jàma (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jàma | *jàmě | *jàmy |
| Accusative | *jàmǫ | *jàmě | *jàmy |
| Genitive | *jàmy | *jàmu | *jàmъ |
| Locative | *jàmě | *jàmu | *jàmasъ, *jàmaxъ* |
| Dative | *jàmě | *jàmama | *jàmamъ |
| Instrumental | *jàmojǫ, *jàmǭ** | *jàmama | *jàmamī |
| Vocative | *jàmo | *jàmě | *jàmy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 502
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “я́ма”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*àma”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28: “f. ā (a) ‘pit, hole’”
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