Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwaytáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós.

Adjective

*cwaytáh

white
bright

Derived terms

*cwaytakah
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Sogdo-Bactrian:
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (spydy̆k)
    - Sogdic:
      - Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾspʾytʾk), [script needed] (ʾspʾytʾk), [script needed] (ʾsp(ʾ)ytk), [script needed] ((ʾ)spʾytk), [script needed] ((ʾ)spʾyty), [script needed] (spyṯy /^ɨspḗt(ē̆)/)
      - Yagnobi: [script needed] (sⁱpḗta)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - → Middle Persian: (/spēdag/)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spytk')
    - Classical Persian: سپیده‎ (sapēda), سفیده‎ (safēda)
      Iranian Persian: سپیده‎ (sepide), سفیده‎ (sefide)
  - → Old Armenian: սպիտակ (spitak)
  - → Old Georgian: სპეტაკი (sṗeṭaḳi)
  - → Arabic: سِبِيدَاج‎ (sibīdāj), إِسْبِيدَاج‎ (ʾisbīdāj), أَسْبِيدَاج‎ (ʾasbīdāj), إِسْبِدَاج‎ (ʾisbidāj), إِسْفِيدَاج‎ (ʾisfīdāj), إِسْفِيذَاج‎ (ʾisfīḏāj), سِبِيذَاج‎ (sibīḏāj), أَسْفِيدَاج‎ (ʾasfīdāj), أَسْفِيذَاج‎ (ʾasfīḏāj)
  - → Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִסְפִּדַכָא / אִסְפִּידַכָא‎ (ʾəspīḏaḵā)
  - → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܕܟܐ / ܐܣܦܝܕܟܐ‎ (ʾəspīḏaḵā), ܣܦܕܟܐ / ܣܦܝܕܟܐ‎ (spīḏaḵā), ܣܦܝܕܓܐ‎ (spīḏaġā)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀‎ (spaēta)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (śśīta), [script needed] (śśīya)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾspʾyt)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ishkashimi: [script needed] (safed)
- Pashto: سپين‎ (spin)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Munji: [script needed] (spī)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Shughni: [script needed] (safēd)
    - Yazghulami: [script needed] (səpid)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: spî, sipî
  
  Central Kurdish: سپی‎ (spî)
  
  Southern Kurdish: سپید‎ (spîd)
  
  Laki: ئسپێ‎ (spê)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *spaytə́h
  - Old Median: *spaytə́h
    - Middle Median: *spḗt
      - Proto-Tatic:
        Alviri-Vidari: ایسبی‎ (isbi), ایسپی‎ (ispi)
        
        Harzani: اسبی (esbī)
      - → Old Armenian: սպետ (spet), սպիտ (spit)
        → Old Georgian: სპეტი (sṗeṭi)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅‎ (ʿspyd /ispēd/)
    - → Middle Persian: (/spēd, ispēd/)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spyt')
      
      Manichaean: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅‎ (ʿspyd)
      - Bakhtiari: اسپید‎ (espēð)
      - Classical Persian: سپید‎ (sapēd), اسپید‎ (ispēd), سفید‎ (safēd), اسفید‎ (isfēd)
        Hazaragi: سفیت (safít)
        
        Iranian Persian: سفید‎ (sefid)
        
        Sistani: سفی‎ (sfē)
        
        Tajik: сафед (safed)
        
        → Hindustani:
        Hindi: सफ़ेद (safed)
        
        Urdu: سفید‎
        
        → Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
        Punjabi:
        Gurmukhi: ਸਫ਼ੈਦ (safaid)
        Shahmukhi: سَفَید‎ (safaid)
  - Zazaki: sipî, spî

References

Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 205

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