Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kagilaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵegʰ- (“branch, pole, bush”) +‎ *-el-, equivalent to *kagô (“bush, shrub, treestump”) +‎ *-ilaz. More on the root at key.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɑ.ɣi.lɑz/

Noun

*kagilaz m

(West Germanic) stake, pole, pile
(West Germanic) peg, pin

Declension

Declension of *kagilaz (a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kagilaz	*kagilōz, -ōs
Vocative	*kagil	*kagilōz, -ōs
Accusative	*kagilą	*kagilanz
Genitive	*kagilas, -is	*kagilǫ̂
Dative	*kagilai	*kagilamaz
Instrumental	*kagilō	*kagilamiz

Related terms

*kagjō
*kagô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kagil
- >? Old Frisian: *keil, *kegel
  - Saterland Frisian: Kíegel (alternatively borrowed from Low German)
  - West Frisian: kegel (alternatively borrowed from Dutch)
- Old Saxon: *kegil
  - Middle Low German: kēgel
    - German Low German: Kegel
    - → Danish: kegle
    - → Norwegian: kjegle
    - → Swedish: kägel
- Old Dutch: kegel (attested in tonames)
  - Middle Dutch: kēgel
    - Dutch: kegel
    - → Middle English: keil; keyles, cailes
      - English: kayles
- Old High German: kegil
  - Middle High German: kegel
    - German: Kegel
    - Luxembourgish: Keel
    - → Middle French: quille
      - French: quille

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