Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handugaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz +‎ *-gaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.du.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*handugaz

handy; skillful with the hands; dextrous

Inflection

Declension of *handugaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*handugaz	*handugai	*handugō	*handugôz	*handugą, -atō	*handugō
Accusative	*handuganǭ	*handuganz	*handugǭ	*handugōz	*handugą, -atō	*handugō
Genitive	*handugas, -is	*handugaizǫ̂	*handugaizōz	*handugaizǫ̂	*handugas, -is	*handugaizǫ̂
Dative	*handugammai	*handugaimaz	*handugaizōi	*handugaimaz	*handugammai	*handugaimaz
Instrumental	*handuganō	*handugaimiz	*handugaizō	*handugaimiz	*handuganō	*handugaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*handugô	*handuganiz	*handugǭ	*handugōniz	*handugô	*handugōnō
Accusative	*handuganų	*handuganunz	*handugōnų	*handugōnunz	*handugô	*handugōnō
Genitive	*handuginiz	*handuganǫ̂	*handugōniz	*handugōnǫ̂	*handuginiz	*handuganǫ̂
Dative	*handugini	*handugammaz	*handugōni	*handugōmaz	*handugini	*handugammaz
Instrumental	*handuginē	*handugammiz	*handugōnē	*handugōmiz	*handuginē	*handugammiz

Derived terms

*handugį̄

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *handug, *handag, *handīg
- Old English: *hendiġ
  - Middle English: hendi, handy
    - Scots: handy
    - English: handy
  - ⇒ Old English: listhendiġ
- Old Frisian: *handich, *hondich
  - Saterland Frisian: handich, houndich
  - West Frisian: handich
- Old Saxon: *handig, *hendig
  - Middle Low German: handich, hendich
    - German Low German: handig
    - → Saterland Frisian: jäntich
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: hendig
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: hendig
    - → Swedish: händig
    - → Danish: hændig
      - → Faroese: hendigur
- Old Dutch: *handig
  - Middle Dutch: handich
    - Dutch: handig
- Old High German: hantag, hantīg
  - Middle High German: handec, hendec, handic, hantic
    - German: handig, händig
Old Norse: hǫndugr
- Icelandic: höndugur
- Faroese: handigur
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃 (handugs)
→ Proto-Slavic: *xǫdogъjь, *xǫdogъ
- East Slavic:
  - Old East Slavic: худогъ (xudogŭ), художьникъ (xudožĭnikŭ)
    - Russian: худо́жник (xudóžnik)
- South Slavic:
  - Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьство (xǫdožĭstvo), Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьствиѥ (xǫdožĭstvije)
    - → Russian: художество (xudožestvo)
    - Bulgarian: художество (hudožestvo)
- West Slavic:
  - Polish: chędogi

References

Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎ (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 155

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