Establishment Clause

Establishment Clause

1. A clause in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, stating "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion".
   • 1989 May, Petersen, William B., ““A Picture Held Us Captive”: Conceptual Confusion and the Lemon Test”, in University of Pennsylvania Law Review, volume 137, number 5, ISSN 0041-9907, JSTOR 3312241, page 1829:

     The Lemon test appears to compartmentalize the factors that are dispositive in establishment clause cases and hints at precision in both analysis and outcome.

   • 2002 May, Feldman, Noah, “From Liberty to Equality: The Transformation of the Establishment Clause”, in California Law Review, volume 90, number 3, ISSN 0008-1221, JSTOR 3481234, page 676:

     This Article shows, for the first time, how the Supreme Court transformed the Establishment Clause by gradually developing a new justification for the separation of church and state: guaranteeing the political equality of religious minorities.

   • 2009 October 7, Liptak, Adam, “Religion Largely Absent in Argument About Cross”, in The New York Times‎, ISSN 0362-4331:

     Ten years ago, Frank Buono, a retired employee of the National Park Service, objected to the cross, saying it violated the establishment clause.

   • 2011 October 17, Fish, Stanley, “Is Religion Above the Law?”, in The New York Times:

     The free-exercise clause tells us that that religion is especially favored and the establishment clause tells us that it is especially feared (the state should avoid entanglement with that stuff).

• First Amendment

• Free Exercise Clause