-î

• In second person verb conjugation, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (from *h₁es-).
• In making adjectives out of nouns, from Proto-Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos; cognates include Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y.
• As an agent marker, from Proto-Iranian, cognates include Old Persian -ahya, Avestan hōi, Middle Persian -ē.

-î

1. added to adjectives to make nouns having that adjective's quality:

   ‎qenc (“good”) + ‎-î → ‎qencî (“goodness”)

   ‎xirab (“bad”) + ‎-î → ‎xirabî (“badness, evil”)

   ‎sor (“red”) + ‎-î → ‎sorî (“redness, ruddiness”)

2. added to nouns to make descriptive adjectives:

   ‎av (“water”) + ‎-î → ‎avî (“watery, liquid”)

   ‎bajar (“city”) + ‎-î → ‎bajarî (“urban”)

   ‎zîv (“silver”) + ‎-î → ‎zîvî (“silvery, argentous”)

3. added to place nouns to make a gendered noun of origin or nationality:

   ‎gund (“village”) + ‎-î → ‎gundî (“villager”)

   ‎Çîn (“China”) + ‎-î → ‎çînî (“Chinese, man from China”)

   ‎Frensa (“France”) + ‎-î → ‎frensî (“Frenchman”)

4. makes names of languages from names of peoples:

   ‎kurd (“Kurd”) + ‎-î → ‎kurdî (“Kurdish”)

   ‎Çîn (“China”) + ‎-î → ‎çînî (“Chinese”)

   ‎ereb (“Arab”) + ‎-î → ‎erebî (“Arabic”)

   ‎inglîz (“the English”) + ‎-î → ‎inglîzî (“English”)

5. his or her:

   ‎ser (“head”) + ‎-î → ‎serî (“his head, her head”), same as "serê wê/wî"

   ‎dest (“hand”) + ‎-î → ‎destî (“his hand, her hand”), same as "destê wê/wî"

6. (Sorani) marks a third person singular agent:

   Ew be kurrekanî wit: He said to the boys

   kurrî: his son

   Pirsyarêkî lê kirdîn: He asked a question of us

7. used for conjugation of the second person singular (tu):

   tu dibêjî: you speak

   tu hatî: you came

8. (oral), (nonstandard) used for present tense conjugation of the third person singular:

   ew dibêjî: he speaks

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish ir and French -ir, Italian -ire, etc.

• IPA^(key): /ɨ/

-î

1. A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

• Most verbs with infinitives in -î are marked by the once-inchoative infix -ăsc- in many parts of their conjugation, as well as in various derived words; two such verbs are a urî (“to hate”) and a hotărî (“to decide”).
• A sizable group of verbs have infinitives in -î but do not use the infix -ăsc-, and are otherwise fairly regular; these include, among others, the common verb a coborî (“to descend”).
• There is a variant form, -i, derived from the same Latin source.

• -ea
• -i
• -e
• -a

• -re

-î

1. Indicates a person who does (as a profession) the action described by the root word. Roughly equivalent to English -er.