더럽다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 더〯럽다〮 (Yale: tělèptá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈtɘ(ː)ɾʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [더(ː)럽따]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | deoreopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | deoleobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tŏrŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | tēlepta |
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 더럽다 (deoreopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 더럽다 deoreopda |
더러워 deoreowo |
더러워요 deoreowoyo |
더럽습니다 deoreopseumnida |
| Past | 더러웠다 deoreowotda |
더러웠어 deoreowosseo |
더러웠어요 deoreowosseoyo |
더러웠습니다 deoreowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 더러우냐 deoreounya |
더러워 deoreowo |
더러워요 deoreowoyo |
더럽습니까 deoreopseumnikka |
| Past | 더러웠냐 deoreowonnya |
더러웠어 deoreowosseo |
더러웠어요 deoreowosseoyo |
더러웠습니까 deoreowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 더럽겠다 deoreopgetda | 더럽겠어 deoreopgesseo | 더럽겠어요 deoreopgesseoyo | 더럽겠습니다 deoreopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 더러워 deoreowo | 더러워서 deoreowoseo | 더러우니 deoreouni | 더러우니까 deoreounikka | |
| Contrast | 더럽지만 deoreopjiman | 더러운데 deoreounde | 더럽더니 deoreopdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 더럽고 deoreopgo | ||||
| Condition | 더러우면 deoreoumyeon | 더러워야 deoreowoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 더러움 deoreoum | 더럽기 deoreopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 더러웠음 deoreowosseum | 더러웠기 deoreowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 더러운 deoreoun | |||
| Future | 더러울 deoreoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 더러우시다 deoreousida |
더러우셔 deoreousyeo |
더러우세요, 더러우셔요 deoreouseyo, deoreousyeoyo |
더러우십니다 deoreousimnida |
| Past | 더러우셨다 deoreousyeotda |
더러우셨어 deoreousyeosseo |
더러우셨어요 deoreousyeosseoyo |
더러우셨습니다 deoreousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 더러우시냐 deoreousinya |
더러우셔 deoreousyeo |
더러우세요, 더러우셔요 deoreouseyo, deoreousyeoyo |
더러우십니까 deoreousimnikka |
| Past | 더러우셨냐 deoreousyeonnya |
더러우셨어 deoreousyeosseo |
더러우셨어요 deoreousyeosseoyo |
더러우셨습니까 deoreousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 더러우시겠다 deoreousigetda | 더러우시겠어 deoreousigesseo | 더러우시겠어요 deoreousigesseoyo | 더러우시겠습니다 deoreousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 더러우셔 deoreousyeo | 더러우셔서 deoreousyeoseo | 더러우시니 deoreousini | 더러우시니까 deoreousinikka | |
| Contrast | 더러우시지만 deoreousijiman | 더러우신데 deoreousinde | 더러우시더니 deoreousideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 더러우시고 deoreousigo | ||||
| Condition | 더러우시면 deoreousimyeon | 더러우셔야 deoreousyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 더러우심 deoreousim | 더러우시기 deoreousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 더러우셨음 deoreousyeosseum | 더러우셨기 deoreousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 더러우신 deoreousin | |||
| Future | 더러우실 deoreousil | ||||
Antonyms
- 깨끗하다 (kkaekkeuthada, “ to be clean”)
Middle Korean
Alternative forms
- 더러ᇦ다 (Yale: teleWta) (phonemic orthography)
Conjugation
| Declarative | Connective | Infinitive | Conditional |
|---|---|---|---|
| 더〯럽다〮 (tělèptá) | 더〯럽고〮 (tělèpkwó) | 더〯러ᄫᅥ〮 (tělèWé) | 더〯러〮ᄫᅳ면〮 (těléWùmyén) |
Descendants
- Korean: 더럽다 (deoreopda)
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