높다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 높다〮 (Yale: nwòph-tá).
The twelfth-century Chinese wordlist Jilin leishi records the Late Old Korean word for "tall" as 那奔 (nɑ puənH), which seems to be the realis gerund form of this word with the Old Korean 隱 (*-on) suffix.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [no̞p̚t͈a̠]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [놉따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nopda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nopta |
| Yale Romanization? | nophta |
Adjective
| Base | 높다 (nopda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 높이다 (nopida) |
높다 • (nopda) (infinitive 높아, sequential 높으니)
- (literally and figuratively) to be high, to be tall, to be lofty (of an object, a place, a quantified statistic, etc.)
- to be high up, to be high in social rank (of a person)
- Antonym: 낮다 (natda)
- (only in speech of the royal court) to be tall in height (of a person)
- Synonym: 크다 (keuda, in all non-royal court usage)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 높다 (nopda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 높다 nopda |
높아 nopa |
높아요 nopayo |
높습니다 nopseumnida |
| Past | 높았다 nopatda |
높았어 nopasseo |
높았어요 nopasseoyo |
높았습니다 nopatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 높으냐 nopeunya |
높아 nopa |
높아요 nopayo |
높습니까 nopseumnikka |
| Past | 높았냐 nopannya |
높았어 nopasseo |
높았어요 nopasseoyo |
높았습니까 nopatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 높겠다 nopgetda | 높겠어 nopgesseo | 높겠어요 nopgesseoyo | 높겠습니다 nopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 높아 nopa | 높아서 nopaseo | 높으니 nopeuni | 높으니까 nopeunikka | |
| Contrast | 높지만 nopjiman | 높은데 nopeunde | 높더니 nopdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 높고 nopgo | ||||
| Condition | 높으면 nopeumyeon | 높아야 nopaya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 높음 nopeum | 높기 nopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 높았음 nopasseum | 높았기 nopatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 높은 nopeun | |||
| Future | 높을 nopeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 높으시다 nopeusida |
높으셔 nopeusyeo |
높으세요, 높으셔요 nopeuseyo, nopeusyeoyo |
높으십니다 nopeusimnida |
| Past | 높으셨다 nopeusyeotda |
높으셨어 nopeusyeosseo |
높으셨어요 nopeusyeosseoyo |
높으셨습니다 nopeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 높으시냐 nopeusinya |
높으셔 nopeusyeo |
높으세요, 높으셔요 nopeuseyo, nopeusyeoyo |
높으십니까 nopeusimnikka |
| Past | 높으셨냐 nopeusyeonnya |
높으셨어 nopeusyeosseo |
높으셨어요 nopeusyeosseoyo |
높으셨습니까 nopeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 높으시겠다 nopeusigetda | 높으시겠어 nopeusigesseo | 높으시겠어요 nopeusigesseoyo | 높으시겠습니다 nopeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 높으셔 nopeusyeo | 높으셔서 nopeusyeoseo | 높으시니 nopeusini | 높으시니까 nopeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 높으시지만 nopeusijiman | 높으신데 nopeusinde | 높으시더니 nopeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 높으시고 nopeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 높으시면 nopeusimyeon | 높으셔야 nopeusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 높으심 nopeusim | 높으시기 nopeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 높으셨음 nopeusyeosseum | 높으셨기 nopeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 높으신 nopeusin | |||
| Future | 높으실 nopeusil | ||||
Derived terms
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