堡

堡	U+5821, 堡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5821

← 堠
[U+5820]

CJK Unified Ideographs

堢 →
[U+5822]

Translingual

Han character

堡 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人木土 (ODG), four-corner 2610₄, composition ⿱保土)

References

KangXi: page 233, character 15

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5254

Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 31

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 464, character 13

Unihan data for U+5821

Chinese

trad.		堡
simp. ^#		堡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (保) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
襃	puː, puː
保	*puːʔ
堡	*puːʔ
褓	*puːʔ
堢	*puːʔ
緥	*puːʔ
葆	*puːʔ
賲	*puːʔ
宲	*puːʔ
椺	ɦmluːʔ, ɢʷeːɡs, *ɢeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puːʔ) : phonetic 保 (OC *puːʔ) + semantic 土.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǎo (bao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó
Min Nan (POJ): pó
Wu (Wiktionary): pau (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
  - Wade–Giles: pao³
  - Yale: bǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou²
  - Yale: bóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bo³
  - Sinological IPA: /po³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó
  - Tâi-lô: pó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poir
  - IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: pau (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /pɑu^X/

Rime
Character	堡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	博抱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paw^X/
Li Rong	/pɑu^X/
Wang Li	/pɑu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堡
Reading #	1/1
No.	319
Phonetic component	保
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	寶
Old Chinese	/*puːʔ/
Notes	同堢，古作保

Definitions

堡

small camp; small mud fortification
fort; fortress
Short for 漢堡／汉堡 (hànbǎo, “hamburger”).

Usage notes

Often used in phono-semantic matchings to translate English -burgh, -burg, etc.

Compounds

丘堡 (qiūbǎo)
伊斯坦堡 (Yīsītǎnbǎo)
古堡
土木堡
城堡 (chéngbǎo)
堡礁 (bǎojiāo)
安平古堡
托依堡勒迪 (Tuōyī Bǎolèdí)
海德堡 (Hǎidébǎo)

碉堡 (diāobǎo)
匹茲堡／匹兹堡 (Pǐzībǎo)
堡塢／堡坞
堡壘／堡垒 (bǎolěi)
堡砦／堡寨
布綸堡／布纶堡
愛丁堡／爱丁堡 (Àidīngbǎo)
橋頭堡／桥头堡 (qiáotóubǎo)

漢堡／汉堡 (hànbǎo)
盧森堡／卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo)
空中堡壘／空中堡垒
空頭堡／空头堡
聖彼得堡／圣彼得堡 (Shèng Bǐdébǎo)
西臺古堡／西台古堡
關堡／关堡
馬德堡／马德堡

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǔ, bǎo (bu³, bao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˇ, ㄅㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǔ
  - Wade–Giles: pu³
  - Yale: bǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buu
  - Palladius: бу (bu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
  - Wade–Giles: pao³
  - Yale: bǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou²
  - Yale: bóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵/

Definitions

堡

(often in placenames) town or village with walls
吳堡／吴堡 ― Wúbǔ ― Wubu (county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)

Compounds

堡子 (bǔzi)
吳堡／吴堡 (Wúbǔ)

柴溝堡／柴沟堡 (Cháigōubǔ)

紅寺堡／红寺堡 (Hóngsìbǔ, “Hongsibu”)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pù, bǎo (pu⁴, bao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ, ㄅㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pù
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pù
  - Wade–Giles: pʻu⁴
  - Yale: pù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
  - Palladius: пу (pu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎo
  - Wade–Giles: pao³
  - Yale: bǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bao
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: pou³
  - Yale: pou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: pou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯³³/

Definitions

堡

Used in place names, as a variant of 鋪／铺／舖 (pù, “courier station”).
- 烏魯木齊地窩堡國際機場 [MSC, trad.]
  乌鲁木齐地窝堡国际机场 [MSC, simp.]
  Wūlǔmùqí Dìwōpù Guójì Jīchǎng [Pinyin]
  Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport

Compounds

三十里堡 (Sānshílǐpù)

十里堡 (Shílǐpù)

Japanese

Kanji

堡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ほ (ho)

Kan-on: ほう (hō)

Kun: とりで (toride)

Korean

Hanja

堡 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po)

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Vietnamese

Han character

堡: Hán Nôm readings: bảo

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