أم

From Proto-Semitic *ʔimm-. Cognate with Hebrew אם‎ (em).

• IPA^(key): /ʔumm/

أُمّ • (ʾumm) f (dual أُمَّانِ‎ (ʾummāni), plural أُمَّهَات‎ (ʾummahāt) or أُمَّات‎ (ʾummāt), masculine أَب‎ (ʾab))

1. mother
2. origin
3. source

• أُمّ التَلَافِيف‎ (ʾumm at-talāfīf)
• أُمّ الْحِجَار السُّود‎ (ʾumm al-ḥijār as-sūd)
• أُمّ الْقُرَى‎ (ʾumm al-qurā)
• أُمّ قِرَاءَة‎ (ʾumm qirāʾa)
• أُمّ غِيلَان‎ (ʾumm ḡīlān)
• ء م م‎ (ʾ m m)
• أُمَّتِ‎ (ʾummati)

• Maltese: omm

Univerbation of the interrogative particle أَ‎ (ʾa) and the conjunction *ٱِم‎ (*im). Compare إِمَّا‎ (ʾimmā) for disjunction.

• IPA^(key): /ʔam/

أَمْ • (ʾam)

1. (chiefly after interrogatives) indicates an exclusive disjunction introduced with أَ‎ (ʾa), as in alternative questions

   ‏أَمِنَ الْعِراقِ أَنْتَ أَمْ مِنْ مِصْرَ؟‎‎

   ʾamina l-ʿirāqi ʾanta ʾam min miṣra?

   Are you from Iraq or Egypt?

   ‏لَا أَدْرِي أَشَقِيٌّ صَاحِبُكَ أَمْ سَعِيدٌ.‎‎

   lā ʾadrī ʾašaqiyyun ṣāḥibuka ʾam saʿīdun.

   I do not know whether your friend is happy or downhearted.

   ‏أَمُحَمَّدٌ أَوْ إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَفْضَلُ أَمْ سَمِيرٌ؟‎‎

   ʾamuḥammadun ʾaw ʾibrāhīmu ʾafḍalu ʾam samīrun?

   Is Muhammad or Ibrahim better [than Samir] or is Samir better [than either of them]?

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 21:109:

     ‏فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَقُلْ آذَنْتُكُمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ وَإِنْ أَدْرِي أَقَرِيبٌ أَم بَعِيدٌ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ‎

     fa-ʾin tawallaw fa-qul ʾāḏantukum ʿalā sawāʾin wa-ʾin ʾadrī ʾa-qarībun ʾam baʿīdun mmā tūʿadūna

     But if they turn away, then say, “I have announced to [all of] you equally. And I know not whether near or far is that which you are promised.”

   • 2017 November 4, “مستشار في حملة ترامب يعترف باجراء اتصالات مع مسؤولين روس”, in Al-Quds‎:

     ‏كان قد نفى او تجنب الاجابة في مقابلات سابقة مع الصحيفة حول ما اذا كان قد التقى مسؤولين روسا ام لا.‎‎

     He had denied or avoided answering in previous interviews with the paper regarding whether he had met Russian officials or not.

2. indicates an inclusive disjunction introduced with أَ‎ (ʾa) that denotes sameness, indistinguishability, unimportance, insignificance, or indifference

   ‏أَنَا أُحِبُّكَ سَوَاءٌ أَحْبَبْتَنِي أَمْ لَمْ تُحِبَّنِي.‎‎

   ʾanā ʾuḥibbuka sawāʾun ʾaḥbabtanī ʾam lam tuḥibbanī.

   I love you, no matter whether you love me or whether you do not love me.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 63:6:

     ‏سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ لَن يَغْفِرَ ٱللّٰهُ لَهُمْ‎

     sawāʾun ʿalayhim ʾastaḡfarta lahum ʾam lam tastaḡfir lahum lan yaḡfira llāhu lahum

     It is the same for them whether you pray for their forgiveness or whether you do not: Allah will not forgive them.

• أَمَّا‎ (ʾammā)
• أَمَّن‎ (ʾamman)

• أَوْ‎ (ʾaw)
• إِمَّا‎ (ʾimmā)

• → Swahili: ama

• Tropper, Josef (2003), “Sekundäres wortanlautendes Alif im Arabischen”, in Kogan, Leonid, editor, Studia Semitica (Orientalia: Papers of the Oriental Institute; III), Moscow, →ISBN, pages 201–202

• IPA^(key): /ʔam.ma/

أَمَّ • (ʾamma) I, non-past يَؤُمُّ‎‎ (yaʾummu)

1. to go, to go to see, to repair (to a place)

   ‏أم مدينة لندن‎‎

   to go to London

• قَصَدَ‎ (qaṣada)

أَمَّ • (ʾamma) I, non-past يَؤُمُّ‎‎ (yaʾummu)

1. to lead the way, to lead by example

   أم الناس‎ — to lead the people

   1. to lead in prayer

أَمّ • (ʾamm) m

1. verbal noun of أَمَّ (ʾamma) (form I)

أَمَّ • (ʾamma) I, non-past يَؤُمُّ‎‎ (yaʾummu)

1. to become a mother

• IPA^(key): [ʔomm]

أمّ • ('umm)

1. mother

From Learned borrowing from Arabic أُمّ‎ (ʾumm).

أم • (ʔumm) f

1. Alternative form of إم‎ (ʔimm)

   ‏اللغة الأم‎ ― il-luḡa il-ʔumm ― native language, mother tongue

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