παύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Disputed. Some sources trace the word back to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w-, in which case it would be cognate with Old Armenian հաւ (haw, “beginning”), but Beekes says there are Pre-Greek cognates outside of Greek.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pǎu̯.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.wo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.βo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.vo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.vo/

Verb

παύω • (paúō)

to make to cease
1. (with accusative) to bring to an end, check
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.314
  - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 963
  - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 330
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.274
  - 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 397
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.17
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.52
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.295
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.103
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.359
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.8
  1. (mostly of things) to make an end of, stop, abate
    - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 8.13
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.67
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.282
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.543
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.451
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.528
    - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 197
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.279
    - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 575
    - 458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 1242
    - 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 571
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.6.7
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Leptines 70
    - 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 69.9
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.91
2. (with accusative of person, genitive of object) to make to rest, stop, hinder, keep back from
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 798
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.15
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.137
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.595
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.801
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.250
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.342
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.492
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.191
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.294
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.298
  - 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1259
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 185D
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 784C
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.2.5
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.123
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.6.3
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.2.13
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.65
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 987
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Constitution of Sparta 3.1
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.35
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.191
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.432
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.467
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.683
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.384
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.540
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.7
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.812
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.100
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.74
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.124
  - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 1211
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Property of Aristophanes 6
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 11
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.56
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.66
  - 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1531
  - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 46
  - 458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 1108
3. (rarely with genitive only) to make an end of
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.35
4. (with present participle) to stop a person from doing or being
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.506
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.23
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1295
  - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 717
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.502
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 615
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1047
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.133
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.400
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.267
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.228
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.168
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.135
5. (rarely with the infinitive) to stop
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.442
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.67
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.54
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 250
  - 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 634
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.53
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 416C
(intransitive, in imperative) cease, leave off
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 449
- 400 BCE – 300 BCE, Ephippus of Athens, Collected Works 5.20
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Essays in Portraiture (Images) 2
- 7th-6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Demeter 351
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1275
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1208
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 122
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 269
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 228E
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1504
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1194
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 580
- 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 326
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 864
- 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, The Girl from Samos 96
- 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 706
- Comica Adespota 601
- 450 BCE – 350 BCE, Plato Comicus, Collected Works 224
- Theopompus Comicus, Collected Works 62
- Philetaerus Comicus, Collected Works 6
- 362 BCE – 262 BCE, Philemon, Collected Works 213.1
- 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, The Changeling 3

Inflection

Present: παύω, παύομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	παύω	παύεις	παύει	παύετον	παύετον	παύομεν	παύετε	παύουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	παύω	παύῃς	παύῃ	παύητον	παύητον	παύωμεν	παύητε	παύωσῐ(ν)
	optative	παύοιμῐ	παύοις	παύοι	παύοιτον	παυοίτην	παύοιμεν	παύοιτε	παύοιεν
	imperative		παῦε	παυέτω	παύετον	παυέτων		παύετε	παυόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	παύομαι	παύῃ, παύει	παύεται	παύεσθον	παύεσθον	παυόμεθᾰ	παύεσθε	παύονται
	subjunctive	παύωμαι	παύῃ	παύηται	παύησθον	παύησθον	παυώμεθᾰ	παύησθε	παύωνται
	optative	παυοίμην	παύοιο	παύοιτο	παύοισθον	παυοίσθην	παυοίμεθᾰ	παύοισθε	παύοιντο
	imperative		παύου	παυέσθω	παύεσθον	παυέσθων		παύεσθε	παυέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		παύειν				παύεσθαι
participle	m	παύων				παυόμενος
	f	παύουσᾰ				παυομένη
	n	παῦον				παυόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔπαυον, ἐπαυόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔπαυον	ἔπαυες	ἔπαυε(ν)	ἐπαύετον	ἐπαυέτην	ἐπαύομεν	ἐπαύετε	ἔπαυον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπαυόμην	ἐπαύου	ἐπαύετο	ἐπαύεσθον	ἐπαυέσθην	ἐπαυόμεθᾰ	ἐπαύεσθε	ἐπαύοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: παύεσκον, παυεσκόμην (Ionic iterative)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	παύεσκον	παύεσκες	παύεσκε(ν)	παυέσκετον	παυεσκέτην	παυέσκομεν	παυέσκετε	παύεσκον
middle/ passive	indicative	παυεσκόμην	παυέσκου	παυέσκετο	παυέσκεσθον	παυεσκέσθην	παυεσκόμεθᾰ	παυέσκεσθε	παυέσκοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: παύσω, παύσομαι, παυσθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	παύσω	παύσεις	παύσει	παύσετον	παύσετον	παύσομεν	παύσετε	παύσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	παύσοιμῐ	παύσοις	παύσοι	παύσοιτον	παυσοίτην	παύσοιμεν	παύσοιτε	παύσοιεν
middle	indicative	παύσομαι	παύσῃ, παύσει	παύσεται	παύσεσθον	παύσεσθον	παυσόμεθᾰ	παύσεσθε	παύσονται
middle	optative	παυσοίμην	παύσοιο	παύσοιτο	παύσοισθον	παυσοίσθην	παυσοίμεθᾰ	παύσοισθε	παύσοιντο
passive	indicative	παυσθήσομαι	παυσθήσῃ	παυσθήσεται	παυσθήσεσθον	παυσθήσεσθον	παυσθησόμεθᾰ	παυσθήσεσθε	παυσθήσονται
passive	optative	παυσθησοίμην	παυσθήσοιο	παυσθήσοιτο	παυσθήσοισθον	παυσθησοίσθην	παυσθησοίμεθᾰ	παυσθήσοισθε	παυσθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		παύσειν			παύσεσθαι		παυσθήσεσθαι
participle	m	παύσων			παυσόμενος		παυσθησόμενος
	f	παύσουσᾰ			παυσομένη		παυσθησομένη
	n	παῦσον			παυσόμενον		παυσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. Sophocles uses the future passive πεπαύσομαι (pepaúsomai)

Future: παυθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
passive	indicative	παυθήσομαι	παυθήσῃ	παυθήσεται	παυθήσεσθον	παυθήσεσθον	παυθησόμεθᾰ	παυθήσεσθε	παυθήσονται
passive	optative	παυθησοίμην	παυθήσοιο	παυθήσοιτο	παυθήσοισθον	παυθησοίσθην	παυθησοίμεθᾰ	παυθήσοισθε	παυθήσοιντο
							passive
infinitive							παυθήσεσθαι
participle	m						παυθησόμενος
	f						παυθησομένη
	n						παυθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔπαυσᾰ, ἐπαυσᾰ́μην, ἐπαύσθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔπαυσᾰ	ἔπαυσᾰς	ἔπαυσε(ν)	ἐπαύσᾰτον	ἐπαυσᾰ́την	ἐπαύσᾰμεν	ἐπαύσᾰτε	ἔπαυσᾰν
	subjunctive	παύσω	παύσῃς	παύσῃ	παύσητον	παύσητον	παύσωμεν	παύσητε	παύσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	παύσαιμῐ	παύσειᾰς, παύσαις	παύσειε(ν), παύσαι	παύσαιτον	παυσαίτην	παύσαιμεν	παύσαιτε	παύσειᾰν, παύσαιεν
	imperative		παῦσον	παυσᾰ́τω	παύσᾰτον	παυσᾰ́των		παύσᾰτε	παυσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐπαυσᾰ́μην	ἐπαύσω	ἐπαύσᾰτο	ἐπαύσᾰσθον	ἐπαυσᾰ́σθην	ἐπαυσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐπαύσᾰσθε	ἐπαύσᾰντο
	subjunctive	παύσωμαι	παύσῃ	παύσηται	παύσησθον	παύσησθον	παυσώμεθᾰ	παύσησθε	παύσωνται
	optative	παυσαίμην	παύσαιο	παύσαιτο	παύσαισθον	παυσαίσθην	παυσαίμεθᾰ	παύσαισθε	παύσαιντο
	imperative		παῦσαι	παυσᾰ́σθω	παύσᾰσθον	παυσᾰ́σθων		παύσᾰσθε	παυσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐπαύσθην	ἐπαύσθης	ἐπαύσθη	ἐπαύσθητον	ἐπαυσθήτην	ἐπαύσθημεν	ἐπαύσθητε	ἐπαύσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	παυσθῶ	παυσθῇς	παυσθῇ	παυσθῆτον	παυσθῆτον	παυσθῶμεν	παυσθῆτε	παυσθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	παυσθείην	παυσθείης	παυσθείη	παυσθεῖτον, παυσθείητον	παυσθείτην, παυσθειήτην	παυσθεῖμεν, παυσθείημεν	παυσθεῖτε, παυσθείητε	παυσθεῖεν, παυσθείησᾰν
	imperative		παύσθητῐ	παυσθήτω	παύσθητον	παυσθήτων		παύσθητε	παυσθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		παῦσαι			παύσᾰσθαι		παυσθῆναι
participle	m	παύσᾱς			παυσᾰ́μενος		παυσθείς
	f	παύσᾱσᾰ			παυσᾰμένη		παυσθεῖσᾰ
	n	παῦσᾰν			παυσᾰ́μενον		παυσθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐπαύθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
passive	indicative	ἐπαύθην	ἐπαύθης	ἐπαύθη	ἐπαύθητον	ἐπαυθήτην	ἐπαύθημεν	ἐπαύθητε	ἐπαύθησᾰν
	subjunctive	παυθῶ	παυθῇς	παυθῇ	παυθῆτον	παυθῆτον	παυθῶμεν	παυθῆτε	παυθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	παυθείην	παυθείης	παυθείη	παυθεῖτον, παυθείητον	παυθείτην, παυθειήτην	παυθεῖμεν, παυθείημεν	παυθεῖτε, παυθείητε	παυθεῖεν, παυθείησᾰν
	imperative		παύθητῐ	παυθήτω	παύθητον	παυθήτων		παύθητε	παυθέντων
							passive
infinitive							παυθῆναι
participle	m						παυθείς
	f						παυθεῖσᾰ
	n						παυθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: πέπαυκᾰ, πέπαυμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πέπαυκᾰ	πέπαυκᾰς	πέπαυκε(ν)	πεπαύκᾰτον	πεπαύκᾰτον	πεπαύκᾰμεν	πεπαύκᾰτε	πεπαύκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	πεπαύκω	πεπαύκῃς	πεπαύκῃ	πεπαύκητον	πεπαύκητον	πεπαύκωμεν	πεπαύκητε	πεπαύκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πεπαύκοιμῐ, πεπαυκοίην	πεπαύκοις, πεπαυκοίης	πεπαύκοι, πεπαυκοίη	πεπαύκοιτον	πεπαυκοίτην	πεπαύκοιμεν	πεπαύκοιτε	πεπαύκοιεν
	imperative		πέπαυκε	πεπαυκέτω	πεπαύκετον	πεπαυκέτων		πεπαύκετε	πεπαυκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	πέπαυμαι	πέπαυσαι	πέπαυται	πέπαυσθον	πέπαυσθον	πεπαύμεθᾰ	πέπαυσθε	πέπαυνται
	subjunctive	πεπαυμένος ὦ	πεπαυμένος ᾖς	πεπαυμένος ᾖ	πεπαυμένω ἦτον	πεπαυμένω ἦτον	πεπαυμένοι ὦμεν	πεπαυμένοι ἦτε	πεπαυμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	πεπαυμένος εἴην	πεπαυμένος εἴης	πεπαυμένος εἴη	πεπαυμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον	πεπαυμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	πεπαυμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	πεπαυμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	πεπαυμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		πέπαυσο	πεπαύσθω	πέπαυσθον	πεπαύσθων		πέπαυσθε	πεπαύσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		πεπαυκέναι				πεπαῦσθαι
participle	m	πεπαυκώς				πεπαυμένος
	f	πεπαυκυῖᾰ				πεπαυμένη
	n	πεπαυκός				πεπαυμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐπεπαύκειν, ἐπεπαύμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεπαύκειν, ἐπεπαύκη	ἐπεπαύκεις, ἐπεπαύκης	ἐπεπαύκει(ν)	ἐπεπαύκετον	ἐπεπαυκέτην	ἐπεπαύκεμεν	ἐπεπαύκετε	ἐπεπαύκεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπεπαύμην	ἐπέπαυσο	ἐπέπαυτο	ἐπέπαυσθον	ἐπεπαύσθην	ἐπεπαύμεθᾰ	ἐπέπαυσθε	ἐπέπαυντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

παύω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
παύω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
παύω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
παύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
παύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
παύω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
παύω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
G3973 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

Greek

Verb

παύω • (pávo) (simple past έπαψα, έπαυσα)

stop, cease
έπαψα να πηγαίνω ― épapsa na pigaíno ― I stopped going
pause
depose, relieve of duties
Ο πρωθυπουργός έπαυσε τον υπουργό. ― O prothypourgós épafse ton ypourgó. ― The prime minister was removed from office.

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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