þeowian

Old English

Alternative forms
  • þēoƿian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /θeːowiɑn/

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þewāną (“to enslave”). Cognate with Old Norse þjá (“to enslave”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌸𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (anaþiwan, “to subjugate, make subservient”).

Verb

þēowian

  1. to serve (as a servant, slave, or devotee)
    fram ċildhāde Gode þēowian
    to serve God since childhood
  2. to enslave, reduce to servants

Usage notes
  • In the senses of serving another person, the person being served is placed in the dative case.
    hlāforde þēowian ― to serve a lord
    (hlāford is declined in its dative form hlāforde)

Conjugation
Conjugation of þēowian (weak class 2)
infinitive þēowian tō þēowienne
indicative present past
1st-person singular þēowie
þēowiġe		 þēowode
2nd-person singular þēowast þēowodest
3rd-person singular þēowaþ þēowode
plural þēowiaþ
þēowiġaþ		 þēowodon
subjunctive present past
singular þēowie
þēowiġe		 þēowode
plural þēowien
þēowiġen		 þēowoden
imperative
singular þēowa
plural þēowiaþ
þēowiġaþ
participle present past
þēowiende
þēowiġende		 (ġe)þēowod

Further reading
  • þēowian in Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
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