Yongle
Yongle (23 January 1403 – 19 January 1425) was the era name of the Yongle Emperor, the third emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, and was used for a total of twenty-two years. During the Yongle period, the Ming dynasty was powerful and prosperous, and the economy continued to develop. It was known in historiography as the "Prosperous Age of Yongle" (永樂盛世).
| Yongle | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 永樂 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 永乐 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | "perpetual happiness" | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Yongle Emperor was originally the Prince of Yan (燕王). In 1402 (Jianwen 4), he seized the throne in the Jingnan campaign and changed "Jianwen 4" (建文四年, "the fourth year of Jianwen") to "Hongwu 35" (洪武三十五年, "the thirty-fifth year of Hongwu"). Initially, the era name of the following year was originally planned to be "Yongqing" (永清), but the era name was later changed to "Yongle".[1][2]
On 7 September 1424 (Yongle 22, 15th day of the 8th month), the Hongxi Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use the Yongle era name. The era was changed to Hongxi in the following year.[3][4]
Comparison table
| Yongle | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | 1403 | 1404 | 1405 | 1406 | 1407 | 1408 | 1409 | 1410 | 1411 | 1412 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Guǐwèi 癸未 | Jiǎshēn 甲申 | Yǐyǒu 乙酉 | Bǐngxū 丙戌 | Dīnghài 丁亥 | Wùzǐ 戊子 | Jǐchǒu 己丑 | Gēngyín 庚寅 | Xīnmǎo 辛卯 | Rénchén 壬辰 |
| Yongle | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | 1413 | 1414 | 1415 | 1416 | 1417 | 1418 | 1419 | 1420 | 1421 | 1422 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Guǐsì 癸巳 | Jiǎwǔ 甲午 | Yǐwèi 乙未 | Bǐngshēn 丙申 | Dīngyǒu 丁酉 | Wùxū 戊戌 | Jǐhài 己亥 | Gēngzǐ 庚子 | Xīnchǒu 辛丑 | Rényín 壬寅 |
| Yongle | 21 | 22 | ||||||||
| AD | 1423 | 1424 | ||||||||
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Guǐmǎo 癸卯 | Jiǎchén 甲辰 |
Other regime era names that existed during the same period
- Vietnam
- Thiệu Thành (紹成, 1401–1402): Hồ dynasty — era name of Hồ Hán Thương
- Khai Đại (開大, 1403–1407): Hồ dynasty — era name of Hồ Hán Thương
- Hưng Khánh (興慶, 1407–1409): Later Trần dynasty — era name of Trần Ngỗi
- Trùng Quang (重光, 1409–1413): Later Trần dynasty — era name of Trần Quý Khoáng
- Vĩnh Ninh (永寧, 1419–1420): Jiaozhi Province — era name of Phạm Ngọc (范玉)
- Vĩnh Thiên (永天, 1420): Jiaozhi Province — era name of Lê Ngạ (黎餓)
- Japan
- Ōei (応永, 1394–1428): Japan — era name of Emperor Go-Komatsu and Emperor Shōkō
References
- Huang Zuo (黃佐). Hanlin Ji (翰林記), Volume 5: 太宗即位，始擬用永清，後乃用永樂，自是每朝紀年，不復再改。
- History of Ming, Volume 5:〔建文四年〕秋七月壬午朔，大祀天地於南郊，奉太祖配。詔：『今年以洪武三十五年為紀，明年為永樂元年。』
- Li Chongzhi (李崇智) (December 2004). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中国历代年号考). Beijing (北京): Zhonghua Book Co. (中华书局). p. 205. ISBN 978-7-101-02512-5.
- History of Ming, Volume 8:〔永樂二十二年八月〕丁巳，即皇帝位。大赦天下，以明年為洪熙元年。
Further reading
- Li Chongzhi (李崇智) (2004). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考). Beijing (北京): Zhonghua Book Co. (中華書局). ISBN 7101025129.
- Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波) (2005). Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表). Taipei (臺北): National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃). ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2021-11-26.