Vanilloids

The vanilloids are compounds which possess a vanillyl group. They include vanillyl alcohol, vanillin, vanillic acid, acetovanillon, vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, capsaicin, etc. Isomers are the isovanilloids.

vanillyl alcoholvanillinvanillic acidacetovanillonVanillylamineCapsaicin

A number of vanilloids, most notably capsaicin, bind to the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor, an ion channel which naturally responds to noxious stimuli such as high temperatures and acidic pH.[1] This action is responsible for the burning sensation experienced after eating spicy peppers. Endogenously generated chemicals that trigger the TRPV1 channel of the vanilloids class are referred to as endovanilloids[2] including anandamide, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid(20-HETE)[3],N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine (NADA) and N-oleoyl-dopamineCID 5282106 from PubChem.[4]

Anandamide

Outside the food industry vanilloids such as nonivamide are used commercially in pepper spray formulations.

Other vanilloids which act at TRPV1 include resiniferatoxin and olvanil.

[5]

References
  1. Pingle, SC; Matta, JA; Ahern, GP (2007). Capsaicin receptor: TRPV1 a promiscuous TRP channel. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 179. pp. 155–171. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34891-7_9. ISBN 978-3-540-34889-4. PMID 17217056.
  2. Van Der Stelt M, Di Marzo V (2004). "Endovanilloids. Putative endogenous ligands of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels". Eur J Biochem. 271 (10): 1827–34. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04081.x. PMID 15128293.
  3. Hamers A, Primus CP, Whitear C, Kumar NA, Masucci M, Montalvo Moreira SA; et al. (2022). "20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a pivotal endogenous ligand for TRPV1-mediated neurogenic inflammation in the skin". Br J Pharmacol. 179 (7): 1450–1469. doi:10.1111/bph.15726. PMID 34755897. S2CID 243939400.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. De Petrocellis L, Chu CJ, Moriello AS, Kellner JC, Walker JM, Di Marzo V (2004). "Actions of two naturally occurring saturated N-acyldopamines on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels". Br J Pharmacol. 143 (2): 251–6. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705924. PMC 1575334. PMID 15289293.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. Carlson, Neil R.; Birkett, Melissa A. (2017). Physiology of Behavior (12 ed.). Pearson. p. 212. ISBN 9780134320823.

Literature
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