Turkish Roma

Its members are referred to as "Turkish Gypsies", Türk Çingeneler, Turski Tsigani (турски цигани), Turkogifti (τουρκο-γύφτοι), Țigani turci, Török Cigányok, Turci Cigani[1]. Through self-Turkification and Assimilation in the Turkish culture over centuries,[2] this Muslim Roma (Turkophilia Horahane) have adopted the Turkish language and loss Romani, in order to establish a Turkish Identity to become more recognized by the Host population[3] and deny there Romani background[4] to show there Turkishness. At Population Census they declared themself as Turks instead as Roma and said How happy is the one who says I am a Turk, however, the turks consider them as fake-turks, the christian romani do not consider them as part of the romani society.[5] They are Cultural Muslims who adopted Sunni Islam of Hanafi madhab and Religious male circumcision at the time of the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate and Ottoman Empire. Their legendary leader was Mansur ibn Yakub Han, called Çingene Han. He built his karavansaray in Malatya in 1224. Today it can still be seen as a ruin. Mansur bin Yakup Han is buried in the Ulu Mosque in Malatya.[6]

History

Hamza al-Isfahani wrote about 12.000 Musicians from India who was taken by Bahram Gur to Persia,[7] also did Ferdowsi.[8] Evliya Çelebi told that Mehmed II take after 1453 from Balat, Muslim Gypsies to Istanbul, their descendants became Musicians.[9] They spoke only Turkish with very few Romani words in there jargon.[10] They migrated from Anatolia to Marmara Region and finally settled in the Balkans at the time of the Ottoman Empire. The Greek Doctor A. G. Paspati made the statemant in his Book from 1860, that Turks married often Roma Woman, and the Rumelian Romani dialect is nearly lost by the Muslim Turkish Roma, who speak entirely Turkish.[11]. Ernest Gilliat-Smith, explained in 1915, that this Turkish Roma in Bulgaria can't speak Romani language, and compare them with very poor Turks rather than Romani people. The French orientalist Henri Bourgeois referred too the Turkish Roma as Pseudo Chingiane, especially the newspaper Laço who was published in 1910 by Emin Resa[12].

Settlements and migration

The majority of Turkish Roma live in Turkey, but also significant Turkish Roma communities live in Bulgaria, Greece (Western Thrace), North Macedonia in lesser case Romania (Dobruja) and Kosovo.[13]

A small Muslim Turkish Roma communitiy live in Dobruja in Romania. They are the descendants of Muslim Roma who intermingled with Turks at the time of Ottoman Empire[14] Romanian Christian Roma Groups regard them simply as Turks (term for Muslims) and are distinct from them.[15][16]

In Kosovo live a Turkish Roma community named Divanjoldjije, they are named after there original settlement where they once came from, the Divanyolu Street in Istanbul, and settled in Pristina at the time of the Ottoman Kosovo.[17]

Romanlar in Turkey came to Germany and Austria and other European Countries as Gastarbeiter but they are fully assimilated within the Turks in Europe.[18][19]

Since Bulgaria became Member in the European Union, Turkish Roma who call themslelfs Usta Millet and Mehter from Bulgaria went to West Europe as Workers, many of this Turkish Roma Men married Polish Woman.[20] This Offsprings called Melezi (Halfblood), a Turkish Loanword.[21]

Turkish Roma cuisine

'Romani cuisine' in Turkey is an important proof that Turkish Romani have lived in Anatolia since ancient times, the culinary culture of the turkish Romanis has seriously affected the rich cuisine of Anatolia[22]

Music and Dance

Their oriental style music is known for its special 8/9 rhythm and belly dance[23], [24].

References
  1. https://itthon.transindex.ro/?cikk=23744
  2. Ülker, Erol (11 January 2008). "Assimilation of the Muslim communities in the first decade of the Turkish Republic (1923-1934)". European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey. doi:10.4000/ejts.822.
  3. Yılgür, Egemen (1 January 2021). "Turcoman Gypsies in the Balkans: Just a Preferred Identity or More?". Romani History and Culture Festschrift in Honour of Prof. Dr. Veselin Popov / Hristo Kyuchukov, Sofiya Zahova, Ian Duminica. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  4. Ozatesler, G.; Özate?Ler, Gül (11 February 2014). Gypsy Stigma and Exclusion in Turkey, 1970: The Social Dynamics of Exclusionary Violence. ISBN 9781137386618.
  5. "The Muslim Gypsies in Romania". Scholarypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  6. "Chingene Han".
  7. Bahram V. Gur
  8. Bahram V. Gur
  9. "THE GYPSIES OF ISTANBUL | History of Istanbul".
  10. "Romani and Turkish". "Was ich noch sagen wollte…". 2001. pp. 303–326. doi:10.1515/9783050079851-022. ISBN 9783050079851.
  11. Paspati, A. G.; Hamlin, C. (1860). "Memoir on the Language of the Gypsies, as Now Used in the Turkish Empire". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 7: 143–270. doi:10.2307/592158. JSTOR 592158.
  12. https://brill.com/display/book/9783657705207/BP000011.xml
  13. Kolukirik, Suat; Toktaş, Şule (2007). "Turkey's Roma: Political participation and organization". Middle Eastern Studies. 43 (5): 761–777. doi:10.1080/00263200701422675. S2CID 143772218 – via ResearchGate.
  14. Grigore, George. "George Grigore. "Muslims in Romania", ISIM Newsletter (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World) no. 3, Leiden. 1999: 34".
  15. Cupcea, Adriana (2020). "Remembering and being. The memories of communist life in a Turkish Muslim Roma community in Dobruja (Romania)". Balkanologie. 15. doi:10.4000/balkanologie.2497. S2CID 230699431.
  16. "The Muslim Gypsies in Romania". Scholarypublications.universiteitleiden.nl. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  17. Anderson, Bobby (September 2003). "Who We Were, Who We Are: Kosovo Roma Oral Histories".
  18. Ruediger Benninghaus (2007). "Köln şehri ve çevresinde yaşayan çingeneler: Genel bir değerlendirme". In Suat Kolukırık (ed.). Yeryüzünün Yabancıları Çingeneler (in Turkish). İstanbul: Simurg. ISBN 978-975-7172-94-9.
  19. Mihaela Zatreanu; Dieter W. Halwachs. "Romani in Europe" (PDF).
  20. "Turkish Roma from Bulgaria and their Migration to Poland by ERSTE Foundation – Issuu".
  21. Hristo Kyuckuhov (1998). "Turkish and Armenian Loanwords in Bulgarian Romani". Grazer Linguistische Studien (50).
  22. https://lezzetler.com/roman-yemekleri-vf110.
  23. https://www.pulseplanet.com/dailies-post-type/7547/
  24. http://www.turkeyleisure.com/excursions/turkish-gypsy-style-belly-dance-lessons-in-istanbul/
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.