Snow Hill Island Formation
The Snow Hill Island Formation is an Early Maastrichtian geologic formation found on James Ross Island, James Ross Island group, Antarctica.[1] Remains of a paravian theropod Imperobator antarcticus[2] have been recovered from it, as well as the elasmarian ornithopods Trinisaura santamartaensis, Biscoveosaurus and Morrosaurus antarcticus, the ankylosaurian Antarctopelta oliveroi, and the shark Notidanodon sp. Alongside these described genera are also the remains of indeterminate elasmosaurids,[3] lithostrotian titanosaurs and an indeterminate pterosaur.
| Snow Hill Island Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Early Maastrichtian | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Marambio Group |
| Sub-units | Gamma & Herbert Sound Members |
| Underlies | Lopez de Bertodano Formation |
| Overlies | Santa Marta Formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Mudstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 63.9°S 57.9°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 61.8°S 68.5°W |
| Region | James Ross Island, James Ross Island group |
| Country | Antarctica |
 Geologic map of Seymour Island, Antarctica with Snow Hill Island Formation in dark green | |
In the Herbert Sound Member of the Snow Hill Island Formation, bivalves, ammonites, and fish were found.[4]
Fossil content
| Reptiles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
| Biscoveosaurus | Cape Lamb Member.[5][6] | ||||
| Elasmosauridae | Gen. et. sp. indet. | "MLP 11-II-20-4, one cervical vertebra preserving a partial rib; MLP 86-X-28-3, two cervical vertebrae; MLP 86-X-28-(2-6), 10 posterior cervical vertebrae articulated with three pectoral vertebrae, part of two dorsal vertebrae, ribs and indeterminate fragments."[7] | |||
| Imperobator | I. antarcticus | Cape Lamb Member, Naze Peninsula.[8] | A single specimen, UCMP 276000. | A large paravian. | |
| Morrosaurus | M. antarcticus | Cape Lamb Member.[9] | Fragmentary right hind limb.[9] |  | |
| Pterodactyloidea | MN 7801-V, a wing metacarpal IV.[10] | A pterosaur with an estimated wingspan of 4 to 5 meters.[10] | |||
| Trinisaura | T. santamartaensis | Santa Marta Cove, in the lower levels of the formation.[11] |  | ||
| Fish | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
| Edaphodon | E. snowhillensis | Herbert Sound Member.[12] | Complete dentition.[12] | ||
| Invertebrates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Presence | Material | Notes | Images |
| Fungiacyathus | F. deltoidophorus | Karlsen Cliffs Member.[13] | |||
| Scleractinia indet. | Unidentifiable | Karlsen Cliffs Member.[13] | |||
See also
References
- di Pasquo, M.; Martin, J.E. (2013). "Palynoassemblages Associated with a Theropod Dinosaur from the Snow Hill Island Formation (lower Maastrichtian) at the Naze, James Ross Island, Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 45: 135–154. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.07.008.
- Ely & Case, 2019
- O'Gorman, 2012, p.2
- O'Gorman, 2012, p.3
- Lamanna, Matthew C.; Case, Judd A.; Roberts, Eric M.; Arbour, Victoria M.; Ely, Ricardo C.; Salisbury, Steven W.; Clarke, Julia A.; Malinzak, D. Edward; West, Abagael R.; O'connor, Patrick M. (2019). "Late Cretaceous non-avian dinosaurs from the James Ross Basin, Antarctica: description of new material, updated synthesis, biostratigraphy, and paleobiogeography". Advances in Polar Science. 30 (3): 228–250. doi:10.13679/j.advps.2019.0007.
- Stilwell, Jeffrey D.; Long, John A. (2011-10-12). Frozen in Time: Prehistoric Life in Antarctica. Csiro Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-10402-0.
- O'Gorman, J.P. 2012. The oldest elasmosaurs (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from Antarctica, Santa Marta Formation (upper Coniacian? Santonian-?upper Campanian) and Snow Hill Island Formation (upper Campanian-?lower Maastrichtian), James Ross Island. Polar Research 31. 1–10. Accessed 2019-04-13. doi:10.3402/polar.v31i0.11090
- Ely, Ricardo C.; Case, Judd A. (2019-09-01). "Phylogeny of a new gigantic paravian (Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Maniraptora) from the Upper Cretaceous of James Ross Island, Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 101: 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.04.003. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 146325060.
- Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolin, Federico L.; Novas, Fernando E.; Aranciaga Rolando, Alexis M.; Motta, Matías J.; Lirio, Juan M.; Isasi, Marcelo P. (2016-01-01). "A new ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica and its palaeobiogeographical implications". Cretaceous Research. 57: 311–324. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.009. ISSN 0195-6671.
- KELLNER, ALEXANDER W.A.; RODRIGUES, TAISSA; COSTA, FABIANA R.; WEINSCHÜTZ, LUIZ C.; FIGUEIREDO, RODRIGO G.; SOUZA, GEOVANE A. DE; BRUM, ARTHUR S.; ELEUTÉRIO, LÚCIA H.S.; MUELLER, CARSTEN W.; SAYÃO, JULIANA M. (2019). "Pterodactyloid pterosaur bones from Cretaceous deposits of the Antarctic Peninsula". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 91 (suppl 2): e20191300. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920191300. ISSN 1678-2690. PMID 31800676. S2CID 208642733.
- Coria, Rodolfo A.; Moly, Juan J.; Reguero, Marcelo; Santillana, Sergio; Marenssi, Sergio (2013-04-01). "A new ornithopod (Dinosauria; Ornithischia) from Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 41: 186–193. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.12.004. ISSN 0195-6671.
- Gouiric-Cavalli, Soledad; Cabrera, Daniel A.; Cione, Alberto L.; O'Gorman, José P.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Fernández, Marta (2015-09-03). "The first record of the chimaeroid genus Edaphodon (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali) from Antarctica (Snow Hill Island Formation, Late Cretaceous, James Ross Island)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e981128. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.981128. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 129091192.
- Videira-Santos, Roberto; Tobin, Thomas S.; Scheffler, Sandro Marcelo (2022-08-14). "New occurrences of caryophylliid and fungiacyathid scleractinian corals from the Santa Marta and Snow Hill Island formations (Upper Cretaceous, Antarctica)". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105338. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105338. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251576799.
Bibliography
- Ely, Ricardo C., and Judd A. Case. 2019. Phylogeny of a new gigantic paravian (Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Maniraptora) from the Upper Cretaceous of James Ross Island, AntarcticaCretaceous Research 101. 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.04.003
- O'Gorman, J.P. 2012. The oldest elasmosaurs (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from Antarctica, Santa Marta Formation (upper Coniacian? Santonian-?upper Campanian) and Snow Hill Island Formation (upper Campanian-?lower Maastrichtian), James Ross Island. Polar Research 31. 1–10. Accessed 2019-04-13. doi:10.3402/polar.v31i0.11090
- Pirrie, D.; J.A. Crame; S.A. Lomas, and J.B. Riding. 1997. Late Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Admiralty Sound region, James Ross Basin, AntarcticaCretaceous Research 18(1). 109–137. doi:10.1006/cres.1996.0052
Further reading
- D. Néraudeau, A. Crame, and M. Kooser. 2000. Upper Cretaceous echinoids from James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Géobios 33(4):455-466 doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(00)80079-0
- R. A. Otero, S. Soto-Acuna, A. O. Vargas, D. Rubilar Rogers, R. E. Yury Yanez and C. S. Gutstein. 2013. Additions to the diversity of elasmosaurid plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica. Gondwana Research doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.016
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