Modern Maximum

The Modern Maximum[1] refers to the period of relatively high solar activity[2] which began with solar cycle 15 in 1914. It reached a maximum in solar cycle 19 during the late 1950s and may have ended with the peak of solar cycle 23 in 2000, as solar cycle 24 is recording, at best, very muted solar activity.[3] Another proposed end date for the maximum is 2007, with the decline phase of Cycle 23. In any case the low solar activity of solar cycle 24 in the 2010s marked a new period of reduced solar activity.

History of sunspot number observations showing the recent elevated activity.

This maximum period is a natural example of solar variation, and one of many that are known from proxy records of past solar variability. The Modern Maximum reached a double peak once in the 1950s and again during the 1990s. For example, Scientists theorized that the Modern Solar Maximum which occurred in 1950-1980 brought a significant cooling phase through parts of the North Atlantic region with Greenland experiencing a major cooling cycle.[4] During this particular Modern Solar Maximum, scientists stated that the sun had a very high solar activity during this time.[4]

  • Ice sheets much like this one can be found throughout locations such as Greenland, and many scientists speculate that solar activity could be a cause of the cooling cycles that form these large structures.
    Ice sheets much like this one can be found throughout locations such as Greenland, and many scientists speculate that solar activity could be a cause of the cooling cycles that form these large structures.

References
  • Lean, J. L. (April 2018). "Estimating Solar Irradiance Since 850 CE". Earth and Space Science. 5 (4): 133–149. doi:10.1002/2017EA000357.
  1. Solanki, Sami K.; Usoskin, Ilya G.; Kromer, Bernd; Schüssler, Manfred; Beer, Jürg (2004). "Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years" (PDF). Nature. 431 (7012): 1084–7. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1084S. doi:10.1038/nature02995. PMID 15510145. S2CID 4373732. Retrieved 17 April 2007., "11,000 Year Sunspot Number Reconstruction". Global Change Master Directory. Retrieved 2005-03-11.
  2. Usoskin I.G. (2017). "A History of Solar Activity over Millennia". Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 14 (3): 3. arXiv:0810.3972. Bibcode:2017LRSP...14....3U. doi:10.1007/s41116-017-0006-9. S2CID 195340740. PDF Copy
  3. Rigozo, N. R.; Echer, E.; Vieira, L. E. A.; Nordemann, D. J. R. (2001). "Reconstruction of Wolf Sunspot Numbers on the Basis of Spectral Characteristics and Estimates of Associated Radio Flux and Solar Wind Parameters for the Last Millennium". Solar Physics. 203 (1): 179–191. Bibcode:2001SoPh..203..179R. doi:10.1023/A:1012745612022. S2CID 117574927.
  4. Kobashi, T.; Box, J. E.; Vinther, B. M.; Goto-Azuma, K.; Blunier, T.; White, J. W. C.; Nakaegawa, T.; Andresen, C. S. (2015-07-28). "Modern solar maximum forced late twentieth century Greenland cooling: SOLAR MAXIMUM FORCED GREENLAND COOLING". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (14): 5992–5999. doi:10.1002/2015GL064764.


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