List of democracy indices
This article contains a list of democracy indices produced by intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations that publish assessments of the worlds political systems, according to their own definitions.[1][2] Modern scholarly analysis focuses attention on the decorative nature of democratic institutions (elections do not lead to a change of power, different media broadcast government point of view and the opposition in parliament votes the same way as the ruling party, among others).[3][4][5] Scholars generally refer to three main types of political systems: democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with a variety of hybrid regimes.[6]
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Prominent democracy indices
Operating
- Democracy Index, by the UK-based Economist Intelligence Unit, is an assessment of countries' democracy. Countries are rated as full democracies, flawed democracies, hybrid regimes, or authoritarian regimes. The index is based on five different categories measuring pluralism, civil liberties, and political culture.[7]
- Freedom in the World, is a yearly survey and report by the U.S.-based[8] non-governmental organization Freedom House that measures the degree of civil liberties and political rights in every nation and significant related and disputed territories around the world.[9]
- International IDEAs "Global State of Democracy Report" assesses democratic performance using different types of sources: expert surveys, standards-based coding by research groups and analysts, observational data and composite measures.[10]
- V-Dem Democracy indices by V-Dem Institute distinguishes between five high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, and quantifies these principles.[11] The V-Dem Democracy indices include the Citizen-initiated component of direct popular vote index, which indicates the strength of direct democracy and the presidentialism index, which indicates higher concentration of political power in the hands of one individual.
Historical
- Effective number of parties is an index of the adjusted number of political parties in a country's party system.[12]
- Democracy-Dictatorship Index is a binary measure of democracy and dictatorship.[13]
- Democracy Ranking is a democracy ranking by the Association for Development and Advancement of the Democracy Award.[14]
- Gallagher index measures an electoral system's relative disproportionality between votes received and seats in a legislature.[15]
- Polity data series contains annual information on regime authority characteristics and covers the years 1800–2018 based on competitiveness, openness, and level of participation, sponsored by the Political Instability Task Force (PITF).[16]
Maps of indices
Country ratings from Freedom House's Freedom in the World 2021 survey
Democracy Index map in 2020 according to The Economist Intelligence Unit
Countries autocratizing (red) or democratizing (blue) substantially and significantly (2010–2020). Countries in grey are substantially unchanged.[17]
Democracies and dictatorships in 2008.[18]
See also
References
- Greenwood, Shannon (2022-12-06). "Appendix A: Classifying democracies". Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
- Geissel, Brigitte; Kneuer, Marianne; Lauth, Hans-Joachim (2016). "Measuring the quality of democracy: Introduction". International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique. Sage Publications, Ltd. 37 (5): 571–579. ISSN 0192-5121. JSTOR 26556872. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- "The 'Varieties of Democracy' data: how do researchers measure democracy?". Our World in Data. 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- "Breaking Down Democracy". Freedom House. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Christiano, Tom; Bajaj, Sameer (2006-07-27). "Democracy". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- Michie, J. (2014). Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences. Taylor & Francis. pp. 95–97. ISBN 978-1-135-93226-8. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- "Democracy Index 2021: the China challenge". Economist Intelligence Unit.
- William Ide (11 January 2000). "Freedom House Report: Asia Sees Some Significant Progress". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
- "Freedom in the World". Freedom House. 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- "International IDEA". International IDEA. Dec 23, 2022. Retrieved Jan 2, 2023.
- "Democracy Report 2022: Autocratization Changing Nature?" (PDF), V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
- Laakso, Markku; Taagepera, Rein (1979). ""Effective" Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe". Comparative Political Studies. 12 (1): 3–27. doi:10.1177/001041407901200101. ISSN 0010-4140. S2CID 143250203.
- "Democracy-Dictatorship_Index". Kaggle. Jul 17, 2020. Retrieved Apr 3, 2023.
- "Home". Democracy Ranking (in German). Feb 12, 2017. Retrieved Apr 3, 2023.
- "The Gallagher Index – iscanadafair.ca". iscanadafair.ca. Retrieved Apr 3, 2023.
- "Polity IV Project". Table footnote. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 11 Jan 2020.
- Nazifa Alizada, Rowan Cole, Lisa Gastaldi, Sandra Grahn, Sebastian Hellmeier, Palina Kolvani, Jean Lachapelle, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Shreeya Pillai, and Staffan I. Lindberg. 2021. Autocratization Turns Viral. Democracy Report 2021. University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute. https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/74/8c/748c68ad-f224-4cd7-87f9-8794add5c60f/dr_2021_updated.pdf
- Cheibub, José Antonio; Gandhi, Jennifer; Vreeland, James Raymond (April 2010). "Democracy and dictatorship revisited". Public Choice. 143 (1–2): 67–101. doi:10.1007/s11127-009-9491-2. JSTOR 40661005. S2CID 45234838.
Further reading
- Munck, G.L. (2009). Measuring Democracy: A Bridge between Scholarship and Politics. Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9650-7.
- Kahn, H. (2017). On Measuring Democracy: Its Consequences and Concomitants: Conference Papers. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-50205-4.
- Coppedge, Michael; Gerring, John; Altman, David; Bernhard, Michael; Fish, Steven; Hicken, Allen; Kroenig, Matthew; Lindberg, Staffan I.; McMann, Kelly; Paxton, Pamela; Semetko, Holli A.; Skaaning, Svend-Erik; Staton, Jeffrey; Teorell, Jan (2011). "Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A New Approach". Perspectives on Politics. [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]. 9 (2): 247–267. ISSN 1537-5927. JSTOR 41479651.
External links
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