List of largest refugee crises

This is a list of largest refugee crises to occur.

List

The list below includes the number of refugees per event with at least 1 million individuals included. This list does not include internally displaced persons (IDP). For events for which estimates vary, the geometric mean of the lowest and highest estimates is calculated to rank the events. Rows highlighted in blue indicate a present event that is occurring.

Event Refugees estimate Origin From Until Duration Ref.
World War II 60.0 million Europe 1939 1945 6 years [1][2][3][4][5][6]
Partition of India 10.0–20.0 million Indian subcontinent 1947 1948 1 year [7][8]
World War I 7.0–15.0 million Europe 1914 1918 4 years [9][10][11]
2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine 9.0 million (total number)

8.1 million[note 1]
0.2 million[note 2]
0.7 million[note 3]

 Ukraine and Russia 2022 Present 1 year [12][13][14]
Bangladesh Liberation War 9.0 million Indian subcontinent 1971 1971 8 months, 2 weeks and 6 days [15]
Bolivarian Revolution 7.1 million Venezuela 2014 Present 8 years [16]
Syrian Civil War 6.7 million Syria 2011 Present 11 years [17]
Soviet–Afghan War 6.2 million Afghanistan 1978 1989 11 years [18]
Third Indochina War 3.0 million Former French Indochina 1975 2000 25 years [19]
Yugoslav Wars 2.4 million Former Yugoslavia 1991 2001 10 years [20]
Korean War 1.0–5.0 million Korea 1950 1953 3 years [21][22]
Iraq War 2.2 million Iraq 2003 2012 9 years [23]
Rwandan Genocide 2.1 million Rwanda 1994 1996 2 years [24]
Israeli–Palestinian conflict 0.7–5.6 million[note 4] Mandatory Palestine 1947 Present 75 years [25]
Iraqi Uprisings 1.8 million Iraq 1991 1991 8 months [19]
Mozambican Civil War 1.7 million Mozambique 1977 1992 15 years [19]
South Sudanese Civil War 1.5 million South Sudan 2011 2020 9 years [26]
Rohingya genocide 1.3 million Myanmar 2016 Present 6 years [27]
Algerian War 1.0 million Algeria 1954 1962 6 years [19]
Great Famine (Ireland) 1.0 million Ireland 1845 1849 4 years [28]
First Libyan Civil War 1.0 million Libya 2011 2011 8 months [29]
Somali Civil War 1.0 million Somalia 1991 Present 31 years [30]

Notes
  1. This figure represents Ukrainian refugees recorded in Europe, including countries partially in Europe.
  2. The number of people fleeing Russia after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and before the announcement of mobilisation in September 2022.
  3. The number of people fleeing Russia as a result of the September 2022 Russian mobilization. See also Russian emigration following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
  4. The original number of refugees in 1947-49 is around 700,000. Unlike other refugee groups, the descendants of Palestinian refugees are themselves considered refugees by the United Nations through UNRWA rather than UNHCR.

See also

References
  1. The State of The World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. 2000. p. 13.
  2. Reporting on Migrants and Refugees: Handbook for Journalism Educators. France: UNESCO. 2021. p. 21. ISBN 978-92-3-100456-8.
  3. Orchard, Phil (2014). A Right to Flee: Refugees, States, and the Construction of International Cooperation. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781139923293.
  4. Frank, Matthew; Reinisch, Jessica (2017). Refugees in Europe, 1919–1959: A Forty Years' Crisis?. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 147, 153. ISBN 978-1-4742-9573-4.
  5. Rothman, Lily; Ronk, Liz (2015-09-11). "This Is What Europe's Last Major Refugee Crisis Looked Like". Time. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  6. Gatrell, Peter (2017). "The Question of Refugees: Past and Present". Origins. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  7. "The State of The World's Refugees 2000" (PDF). UNHCR. 2000.
  8. Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali Zamindar (2013). "India–Pakistan Partition 1947 and forced migration". The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration. doi:10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm285. ISBN 9781444334890.
  9. Gatrell, Peter; Zhvanko, Liubov (2017). Europe on the Move: Refugees in the Era of the Great War. United Kingdom: Manchester University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9781784994419.
  10. Gatrell, Peter (2008). "Refugees and Forced Migrants during the First World War". Immigrants & Minorities. 26 (1–2): 82–110. doi:10.1080/02619280802442613. S2CID 143755412 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  11. Chase, Gummer (2014). "World War I Centenary: Migration in Europe". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  12. "Individual refugees from Ukraine recorded across Europe". UNHCR. 2022.
  13. "Forbes: about 700,000 people leave Russia since mobilisation started". Novaya Gazeta. 2022-10-04. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  14. "Hundreds of thousands flee Russia and Putin's 'two wars'". Al Jazeera. 18 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  15. Totten, Samuel; Bartrop, Paul Robert (2008). Dictionary of Genocide: A-L. ABC-CLIO. p. 34. ISBN 9780313346422.
  16. Moreno, Elida (12 October 2022). "Millions of Venezuelan migrants lacking access to basic services". Reuters. Panama City. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  17. "Refugee Data Finder". UNHCR. November 10, 2021. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  18. Rupert Colville (1997). "Refugees Magazine Issue 108 (Afghanistan : the unending crisis) - The biggest caseload in the world". UNHCR.
  19. State of the World's Refugees, 2000 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
  20. Watkins, Clem S. (2003). The Balkans. New York City: Nova Publishers. p. 10. ISBN 9781590335253.
  21. "The biggest refugee movements in history". MSN. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
  22. "Population and Manpower of Korea 1954" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. 13 September 1954. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 20, 2017.
  23. "UN agencies launch $85-million appeal to aid 2.2 million Iraqi refugees". UN News. September 18, 2007.
  24. Prunier 2009, pp. 24–25
  25. "UN agency for Palestinian refugees launches $95 million appeal to keep COVID at bay". UN News. September 4, 2020.
  26. "Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General". United Nations. 2017-02-10.
  27. "WHO appeals for international community support; warns of grave health risks to Rohingya refugees in rainy season - Bangladesh". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
  28. Irelands' Population in the mid 1800s
  29. "2013 UNHCR country operations profile - Libya". UNCHR. 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  30. "Registered Somali Refugee Population". UNHCR. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
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