Kudmi Mahato

The Kudmi[lower-alpha 1] are a community in the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar of India. They were primarily agriculturalist.[1]

Not to be confused with the Kurmi of Bihar.
Kudmi Mahato
Mahato, Kudmi
Mahato women in Sirajganj District, Bangladesh
LanguagesNative language- Kurmali
Secondary language- Hindi, Odia, Bengali
CountryIndia
Populated statesJharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, Bihar state
StatusOBC

Classification

Kudmi were classified as a Notified Tribe by the British Raj under the terms of the Indian Succession Act introduced in 1865 as they have customary rules of succession.[2] Subsequently, in 1913, they were classified as a Primitive tribe. Then they were omitted from the list of communities listed as tribes in the 1931 census.[3] Again, they were omitted from the Scheduled Tribe list drawn up in 1950. In 2004, the Government of Jharkhand recommended that they should be listed as a Scheduled Tribe rather than Other Backward Class.[4] The Tribal Research Institute of Government of India recommended against this proposal, claiming they are a sub-caste of the Kunbi and thus different to tribal people.[5][6][1] Therefore, In 2015, the Government of India refused to approve the recommendation of Jharkhand government to list the Kudmi Mahato as Schedule Tribe. They are included in the list of Other Backward Class in the States of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha.[7][1]

Culture

The traditional occupation of Kudmi is agriculture. Kudmi are divided into many clans including Kudiar, Sankhuar, Kanbindha, Katiar, Dumriar and Sinkuar etc.[1][8] The language of Kudmi is Kurmali. The Kudmi people once spoke a distinct language, neither Munda nor Dravidian but also not Indo-Aryan, and at some point switched to the regional Indo-Aryan lingua franca of that time, leaving a distinct substrate in their new language.[9][10]

Chait Parab, Karam, Jitiya, Badna, Tusu are the major festival of Kudmi. They worship Budhabaap in Madapthan and Garam at gramthan. Jhumar and Chhau are their folk dance.[11][12]

Notable people

See also

Notes
  1. The synonym of Kudmi are Kurmi, Kurma Chasa, Kudumi, Kurma, Kurmi Mahto, Kurmi Khetriya, Kurumi, Kudumi Kshyatriya, Kurum

References
  1. "कुरमी को ST का दर्जा तभी, जब TRI अनुशंसा करे, लेकिन रिसर्च वाला ही कोई नहीं है". www.bhaskar.com.
  2. "Inheritance Law of Kurmi Mahto of Chotanagpur and Orissa". The Tribes and castes of Bengal by Risley Herbert Hope.
  3. Lalan Tiwari (1995). Issues in Indian Politics. Mittal. p. 340. ISBN 9788170996187.
  4. Deogharia, Jaideep (25 November 2004). "Cabinet recommends inclusion of Kudmis in ST list". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  5. Singh, K. S. (2006). Tribal Movements in India. Ajay Kumar Jain. p. 116. ISBN 978-81-7304-704-6. Another remarkable thing is that the Kurmis of Chota nagpur have no sub-division, no sub-caste or even no sub groups. This singleness of the unity of the community totally differentiates it from the Kurmis of Bihar who are divided into sub-castes, e.g., the Awadhia, Ghamaila, Kochaisa, Dhanuk, Joshwar, Sindriya, etc. This lack of division singularly confirms that the Kurmis of Chotanagpur have migrated somewhere from central part of India, where they have their original kinsmen, Kunbis. .. The totemistic organization of the Kurmis further indicate that Kurmis of Chotanagpur are distinct and different from the Kurmis of North Bihar who have titular gotras.
  6. Singh, Ronit Kumar (2022-09-22). "Kurmi Community Continues 'Rail Roko' Protest Over Demand For ST Status, Train Services Affected". thelogicalindian.com. Retrieved 2022-09-24.
  7. "Kurmis in tribal status cry". telegraphindia.
  8. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uFsVOKk7AqcC&q=katiar+kudmi&dq=katiar+kudmi&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIkfbXlpf-AhXuUvUHHXT7D3IQ6AF6BAgGEAM#katiar%20kudmi
  9. Paudyal, Netra P.; Peterson, John (2020-09-01). "How one language became four: the impact of different contact-scenarios between "Sadani" and the tribal languages of Jharkhand". Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics. 7 (2): 327–358. doi:10.1515/jsall-2021-2028. ISSN 2196-0771. S2CID 233732014.
  10. KIRITI MAHATO (2022-07-22). Sindhu Sabhyatar Bhasha O Kudmali.
  11. Paty, Chittaranjan Kumar (2007). Forest, Government, and Tribe. ISBN 9788180694066.
  12. "Bandana Festival Of Kudmis Of Eastern India". etribaltribune.

Sources
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