Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis

Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis is a form of chemosynthesis which uses hydrogen sulfide.[1] It is common in hydrothermal vent microbial communities[2][3] Due to the lack of light in these environments this is predominant over photosynthesis[4]

Giant tube worms use bacteria in their trophosome to fix carbon dioxide (using hydrogen sulfide as their energy source) and produce sugars and amino acids.[5] Some reactions produce sulfur:

hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis:[1]
18H2S + 6CO2 + 3O2 → C6H12O6 (carbohydrate) + 12H2O + 18S

In the above process, hydrogen sulfide serves as a source of electrons for the reaction.[6] Instead of releasing oxygen gas while fixing carbon dioxide as in photosynthesis, hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis produces solid globules of sulfur in the process. In bacteria capable of chemoautotrophy (a form a chemosynthesis), such as purple sulfur bacteria,[7] yellow globules of sulfur are present and visible in the cytoplasm.

References
  1. "Chemolithotrophy | Boundless Microbiology". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  2. Bernardino, Angelo F.; Levin, Lisa A.; Thurber, Andrew R.; Smith, Craig R. (2012). "Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e33515. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...733515B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033515. PMC 3319539. PMID 22496753.
  3. "Hydrothermal Vents". Marine Society of Australia. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  4. Kádár E, Costa V, Santos RS, Powell JJ (July 2006). "Tissue partitioning of micro-essential metals in the vent bivalve Bathymodiolus azoricus and associated organisms (endosymbiont bacteria and a parasite polychaete) from geochemically distinct vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge". Journal of Sea Research. 56 (1): 45–52. Bibcode:2006JSR....56...45K. doi:10.1016/j.seares.2006.01.002.
  5. Biotechnology for Environmental Management and Resource Recovery. Springer. 2013. p. 179. ISBN 978-81-322-0876-1.
  6. Kalenitchenko, Dimitri; Le Bris, Nadine; Dadaglio, Laetitia; Peru, Erwan; Besserer, Arnaud; Galand, Pierre E. (February 2018). "Bacteria alone establish the chemical basis of the wood-fall chemosynthetic ecosystem in the deep-sea". The ISME Journal. 12 (2): 367–379. doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.163. ISSN 1751-7370. PMC 5776450. PMID 28984846.
  7. The Purple Phototrophic Bacteria. Hunter, C. Neil. Dordrecht: Springer. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4020-8814-8. OCLC 304494953.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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