List of governors of New Jersey

The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of New Jersey and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New Jersey Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason or impeachment.[1]

Governor of New Jersey
Coat of arms of New Jersey
Incumbent
Phil Murphy
since January 16, 2018
Style
Status
ResidenceDrumthwacket
SeatTrenton, New Jersey
Term lengthFour years, renewable once consecutively
Constituting instrumentNew Jersey Constitution of 1776
PrecursorGovernor of New Jersey (Great Britain)
Inaugural holderWilliam Livingston
FormationAugust 31, 1776 (1776-08-31)
DeputyLieutenant Governor of New Jersey
Websitestate.nj.us/governor

The first New Jersey State Constitution, ratified in 1776, provided that a governor be elected annually by the state legislature, the members of which were selected by the several counties.[2] Under this constitution, the governor was president of the upper house of the legislature, then called the Legislative Council.[2] The 1844 constitution provided for a popular vote to elect the governor,[3] who no longer presided over the upper house of the legislature, now called the Senate. The 1844 constitution also lengthened the governor's term to three years, set to start on the third Tuesday in January following an election, and barred governors from succeeding themselves.[4] The 1947 constitution extended terms to four years, and limits governors from being elected to more than two consecutive terms, though they can run again after a third term has passed.[5] Joseph Bloomfield, Peter Dumont Vroom, Daniel Haines, Joel Parker, Leon Abbett, and Walter Evans Edge each served two non-consecutive stints as governor while A. Harry Moore served three non-consecutive stints. Foster McGowan Voorhees, James Fairman Fielder, and Richard Codey each served two non-consecutive stints, one as acting governor and one as official governor.

The 1776 constitution provided that the vice-president of the Legislative Council would act as governor (who was president of the Council) should that office be vacant.[2] The 1844 constitution placed the president of the Senate first in the line of succession,[6] as did the subsequent 1947 constitution.[7] A constitutional amendment in 2006 created the office of lieutenant governor,[8] to be elected on the same ticket for the same term as the governor,[9] and if the office of governor is vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[10] This office was first filled in 2010.

There have been 55 official governors of New Jersey, 1 of whom was female, with several others acting as governor for a time.[lower-alpha 1] In the official numbering, governors are counted only once each, and traditionally, only elected governors were included. However, legislation signed on January 10, 2006, allowed acting governors who had served at least 180 days to be considered full governors. The law was retroactive to January 1, 2001; it therefore changed the titles of Donald DiFrancesco and Richard Codey, affecting Jim McGreevey's numbering.[11] The current governor is Phil Murphy, who took office on January 16, 2018.

Governors
For the period before independence, see the list of colonial governors of New Jersey.

New Jersey was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on December 18, 1787. Prior to declaring its independence, New Jersey was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Political party

  Democratic (27)   Democratic-Republican (3)   Federalist (5)   Republican (17)   Whig (4)

Governors of the State of New Jersey
No. Governor Term in office Previous positions[lower-alpha 2] Party Election Lt. governor[lower-alpha 3]
1   William Livingston August 31, 1776
–
July 25, 1790		 Member of the New York General Assembly, Delegate to the Continental Congress Federalist 1776 Office did not exist
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
[lower-alpha 4]
— Elisha Lawrence July 25, 1790
–
October 29, 1790[lower-alpha 5]		 Vice President of the Legislative Council
2 William Paterson October 29, 1790[lower-alpha 5]
–
March 30, 1793		 State Attorney General, U.S. Senator 1790
1791
1792
[lower-alpha 6]
— Thomas Henderson March 30, 1793
–
June 3, 1793		 Vice President of the Legislative Council
3 Richard Howell June 3, 1793
–
October 31, 1801		 Clerk of the State Supreme Court 1793
1794
[lower-alpha 7]
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
4 Joseph Bloomfield October 31, 1801
–
October 28, 1802		 Mayor of Burlington Democratic-
Republican		 1801
— John Lambert October 28, 1802
–
October 29, 1803		 Vice President of the Legislative Council 1802
[lower-alpha 8]
4 Joseph Bloomfield October 29, 1803
–
October 29, 1812		 Governor 1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
[lower-alpha 9]
5 Aaron Ogden October 29, 1812
–
October 29, 1813		 U.S. Senator Federalist 1812
6 William Sanford Pennington October 29, 1813
–
June 19, 1815		 U.S. Attorney, State Supreme Court Justice Democratic-
Republican		 1813
1814
[lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 11]
— William Kennedy June 19, 1815
–
October 26, 1815		 Vice President of the Legislative Council
7 Mahlon Dickerson October 26, 1815
–
February 1, 1817		 Attorney General of Pennsylvania 1815
1816
[lower-alpha 12]
8 Isaac Halstead Williamson February 6, 1817
–
October 30, 1829		 Member of the Legislative Council Federalist[lower-alpha 13]
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
— Garret D. Wall October 30

— November 6, 1829

 Vice President of the Legislative Council Democratic 1829
[lower-alpha 14]
9 Peter Dumont Vroom November 6, 1829
–
October 26, 1832		 Assemblyman, Member of the Legislative Council
1830
1831
10 Samuel L. Southard October 26, 1832
–
February 27, 1833		 U.S. Senator, U.S. Secretary of the Navy Whig 1832
[lower-alpha 15]
11 Elias P. Seeley February 27, 1833
–
October 25, 1833		 Member of the Legislative Council
9 Peter Dumont Vroom October 25, 1833
–
November 3, 1836		 Governor Democratic 1833
1834
1835
12 Philemon Dickerson November 3, 1836
–
October 27, 1837		 U.S. Representative 1836
13 William Pennington October 27, 1837
–
October 27, 1843		 Member of the Legislative Council Whig 1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
14 Daniel Haines October 27, 1843
–
January 21, 1845		 Member of the Legislative Council Democratic 1843
15 Charles C. Stratton January 21, 1845
–
January 18, 1848		 U.S. Representative Whig 1844
[lower-alpha 16]
14 Daniel Haines January 18, 1848
–
January 21, 1851		 Governor Democratic 1847
16 George Franklin Fort January 21, 1851
–
January 17, 1854		 State Senator 1850
17 Rodman M. Price January 17, 1854
–
January 20, 1857		 U.S. Representative 1853
18 William A. Newell January 20, 1857
–
January 17, 1860		 U.S. Representative Republican 1856
19 Charles Smith Olden January 17, 1860
–
January 20, 1863		 State Senator 1859
20 Joel Parker January 20, 1863
–
January 16, 1866		 Assemblyman, Monmouth County Prosecutor Democratic 1862
21 Marcus Lawrence Ward January 16, 1866
–
January 19, 1869		 Chair of the Republican National Committee Republican 1865
22 Theodore Fitz Randolph January 19, 1869
–
January 16, 1872		 State Senator Democratic 1868
20 Joel Parker January 16, 1872
–
January 19, 1875		 Governor 1871
23 Joseph D. Bedle January 19, 1875
–
January 15, 1878		 State Supreme Court Justice 1874
24 George B. McClellan January 15, 1878
–
January 18, 1881		 Commanding General of the U.S. Army 1877
25 George C. Ludlow January 18, 1881
–
January 15, 1884		 State Senator, President of the State Senate 1880
26 Leon Abbett January 15, 1884
–
January 18, 1887		 State Senator, Corporation Counsel of Jersey City 1883
27 Robert Stockton Green January 18, 1887
–
January 21, 1890		 U.S. Representative 1886
26 Leon Abbett January 21, 1890
–
January 17, 1893		 State Senator, Governor 1889
28 George Theodore Werts January 17, 1893
–
January 21, 1896		 Mayor of Morristown, State Senator, President of the State Senate 1892
29 John W. Griggs January 21, 1896
–
January 31, 1898		 State Senator Republican 1895
[lower-alpha 17]
— Foster McGowan Voorhees January 31, 1898
–
October 18, 1898		 President of the State Senate
— David Ogden Watkins October 18, 1898
–
January 17, 1899		 Speaker of the Assembly
30 Foster McGowan Voorhees January 17, 1899
–
January 21, 1902		 President of the State Senate and Acting Governor 1898
[lower-alpha 18]
31 Franklin Murphy January 21, 1902
–
January 17, 1905		 Chair of the New Jersey Republican Party 1901
[lower-alpha 19]
32 Edward C. Stokes January 17, 1905
–
January 21, 1908		 State Senator 1904
33 John Franklin Fort January 21, 1908
–
January 17, 1911		 State Supreme Court Justice 1907
[lower-alpha 20]
34 Woodrow Wilson January 17, 1911
–
March 1, 1913		 President of Princeton University Democratic 1910
[lower-alpha 21][lower-alpha 22]
— James Fairman Fielder March 1, 1913
–
October 28, 1913		 President of the State Senate
— Leon R. Taylor October 28, 1913
–
January 20, 1914		 Speaker of the Assembly
35 James Fairman Fielder January 20, 1914
–
January 16, 1917		 President of the State Senate and Acting Governor 1913
[lower-alpha 23][lower-alpha 24]
36 Walter Evans Edge January 16, 1917
–
May 16, 1919		 State Senator Republican 1916
[lower-alpha 24][lower-alpha 25][lower-alpha 26]
— William Nelson Runyon May 16, 1919
–
January 13, 1920		 President of the State Senate
— Clarence E. Case January 13, 1920
–
January 20, 1920		 President of the State Senate
37 Edward I. Edwards January 20, 1920
–
January 15, 1923		 State Senator Democratic 1919
38 George Sebastian Silzer January 15, 1923
–
January 19, 1926		 State Senator, Superior Court Judge 1922
39 A. Harry Moore January 19, 1926
–
January 15, 1929		 Member of the Jersey City Commission 1925
40 Morgan Foster Larson January 15, 1929
–
January 19, 1932		 State Senator Republican 1928
39 A. Harry Moore January 19, 1932
–
January 3, 1935		 Governor Democratic 1931
[lower-alpha 27]
— Clifford Ross Powell January 3, 1935
–
January 8, 1935		 President of the State Senate Republican
— Horace Griggs Prall January 8, 1935
–
January 15, 1935		 President of the State Senate
41 Harold G. Hoffman January 15, 1935
–
January 18, 1938		 U.S. Representative 1934
39 A. Harry Moore January 18, 1938
–
January 21, 1941		 Governor, U.S. Senator Democratic 1937
42 Charles Edison January 21, 1941
–
January 18, 1944		 U.S. Secretary of the Navy 1940
36 Walter Evans Edge January 18, 1944
–
January 21, 1947		 Governor, U.S. Senator, U.S. Ambassador to France Republican 1943
43 Alfred E. Driscoll January 21, 1947
–
January 19, 1954		 State Senator 1946
1949
[lower-alpha 28]
44 Robert B. Meyner January 19, 1954
–
January 16, 1962		 State Senator Democratic 1953
1957
45 Richard J. Hughes January 16, 1962
–
January 20, 1970		 Superior Court Judge 1961
1965
46 William T. Cahill January 20, 1970
–
January 15, 1974		 Assemblyman, U.S. Representative Republican 1969
47 Brendan Byrne January 15, 1974
–
January 19, 1982		 Essex County Prosecutor, President of Board of Public Utilities, Superior Court Judge Democratic 1973
1977
48 Thomas Kean January 19, 1982
–
January 16, 1990		 Speaker of the Assembly Republican 1981
1985
49 James Florio January 16, 1990
–
January 18, 1994		 New Jersey State Assemblyman, United States Representative Democratic 1989
50 Christine Todd Whitman January 18, 1994
–
January 31, 2001		 Somerset County Freeholder, President of the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities Republican 1993
1997
[lower-alpha 29]
51 Donald DiFrancesco January 31, 2001
–
January 8, 2002		 President of the State Senate
— John Farmer Jr. January 8, 2002
–
January 8, 2002		 Attorney General of New Jersey
— John O. Bennett January 8, 2002
–
January 12, 2002		 President of the State Senate
— Richard Codey January 12, 2002
–
January 15, 2002		 State Senator Democratic
52 Jim McGreevey January 15, 2002
–
November 15, 2004		 Assemblyman, Mayor of Woodbridge Township, State Senator 2001
[lower-alpha 30]
53 Richard Codey November 15, 2004
–
January 17, 2006		 President of the State Senate
54 Jon Corzine January 17, 2006
–
January 19, 2010		 United States Senator 2005
[lower-alpha 31]
55 Chris Christie January 19, 2010
–
January 16, 2018		 Morris County Freeholder, U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey Republican 2009   Kim Guadagno
2013
56 Phil Murphy January 16, 2018
–
Incumbent[lower-alpha 32]		 U.S. Ambassador to Germany Democratic 2017 Sheila Oliver
2021

Succession
Main article: Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States § New Jersey

Prior to 2010, unlike most other states, New Jersey did not have the office of lieutenant governor. Until 2010, when the office of governor was vacant or the governor was unable to fulfill his/her duties through injury, the president of the State Senate served as the acting governor. The Senate president continued in the legislative role during his/her tenure as the state's acting chief executive, thus giving the person control over executive and legislative authority. The acting governor served either until a special election was held (which would occur if the governor died, resigned, or was removed from office with more than 16 months before the end of the term), until the governor recovered from his/her injuries, or, if the governor died, resigned, or was removed from office less than 16 months before end of the term, until the end of the term.

Following the resignation of Christine Todd Whitman in 2001 to become EPA Administrator, Donald DiFrancesco assumed the acting governor's post. Following Whitman's resignation and DiFrancesco's departure, John O. Bennett served as acting governor for three and a half days. During that time, he signed a few bills into law, gave a State of the State Address, and held parties at Drumthwacket, the New Jersey governor's mansion. Similarly, Richard J. Codey served as acting governor as well. Because control of the New Jersey State Senate was split, resulting in two Senate co-presidents, Codey and Bennett, each held the office of acting governor for three days. For a second time, Richard Codey served as acting governor of New Jersey until January 2006, following the resignation of Jim McGreevey in late 2004. Perhaps the spectacle of having six changes in the governorship in a four-year span, in as much as any other factor, led to the voters' decision to amend the state constitution in 2005 to create the office of lieutenant governor of New Jersey effective with the 2009 state elections.

See also

Notes
  1. Only acting governors who filled a vacant office are included in the list. People who acted as governor for a period when the governor was out of state or unable to serve for a period are noted with their governor. It is possible other people acted as governor for short periods but were not recorded.
  2. Note that until 1844, all Governors were simultaneously members of the Legislative Council, as the position was synonymous with that of President of the Council.
  3. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 2006 and was first filled in 2010.
  4. Livingston died in office; as vice-president of the Legislative Council, Lawrence acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
  5. The National Governors Association states Paterson took office on October 30; however, older books specify that he took office on October 29.[12]
  6. Paterson resigned to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; as vice-president of the Legislative Council, Henderson acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
  7. Howell was in Pennsylvania in command of the New Jersey militia during the Whiskey Rebellion; during his absence, Thomas Henderson, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor from September 20 to December 25, 1794.[13]
  8. The 1802 election was deadlocked, with the legislature unable to pick a candidate, giving up on November 25, 1802. Lambert, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor until the next election.[14]
  9. Bloomfield was in New York in command of Military District 3 during the War of 1812; during his absence, Charles Clark, as vice-president of the Legislative Council, acted as governor from June 1 to October 29, 1812, when Bloomfield's term ended.[15]
  10. Pennington resigned to be a federal judge in the District of New Jersey; as vice-president of the Legislative Council, Kennedy acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
  11. All official listings omit Kennedy, who acted as governor for four months.[16]
  12. Dickerson resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; Williamson was elected by the legislature to succeed him.[17] No source mentions anyone acting as governor between Dickerson's resignation and Williamson's election; the vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time was Jesse Upson, so he likely acted as governor.[18]
  13. Williamson was known to be a Federalist; though the Federalist Party ceased existing around 1820, no sources say Williamson changed his party affiliation, perhaps choosing to remain loyal to the Federalist ideals.[19] One source describes him as an "ex-Federalist" before he was even elected.[20] A contemporary source says he remained in office until the "Jackson party" controlled the legislature; as this is a reference to the Democratic-Republican Party, it can be assumed Williamson did not switch to that party.[21]
  14. Wall was elected on October 30, 1829; however, he declined the post, effective November 6, 1829.[22] Vroom was then elected by the legislature to replace him.
  15. Southard resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; Seeley was vice-president of the Legislative Council at the time, but he was elected governor rather than simply acting in the post for the rest of the term.[23]
  16. The constitution increased term lengths from one to three years beginning with this term.[4]
  17. Griggs resigned to be United States Attorney General. As president of the senate, Voorhees acted as governor until he resigned from the senate; he had been nominated for governor for the 1898 election, but the constitution prohibited governors from succeeding themselves, so he resigned to run, winning the race.[24]
  18. Voorhees was out of the country in Europe for several weeks in 1900; William M. Johnson, as president of the Senate, formally acted as governor from May 21 to June 19.[25][26][27]
  19. Murphy was out of the state twice in 1904; Edmund W. Wakelee, as president of the Senate, formally acted as governor twice, and according to page 284 the 1905 Manual of the Legislature, served from April 25 to June 5, when Murphy was in Europe, and from June 14 to June 27, when Murphy was visiting Chicago and St. Louis.[28] However, page 16 of the same book states that he served from April 25 to June 5, and June 15 to June 27.[25] He actually took the oaths of office on April 26 and June 14.[27]
  20. Fort was out of the state for some time in 1909; Joseph Sherman Frelinghuysen, Sr., as president of the Senate, acted as governor for an unknown period.[29]
  21. Wilson resigned to be President of the United States. As president of the senate, Fielder acted as governor until he resigned from the senate; he had been nominated for governor for the 1913 election, but the constitution prohibited governors from succeeding themselves, so he resigned to run, winning the race.[30] This left Taylor, as speaker of the house of representatives, acting as governor for the remainder of the term.
  22. Wilson was out of the state for multiple periods during his administration.[26] Documented episodes include from May 3 to June 3, 1911, during which time Ernest R. Ackerman, as president of the Senate, acted as governor,[31][32] though another source states he took the oath on May 4.[33] Ackerman also acted as governor from October 25, 1911, for about a week, and again for about a week in mid-November, 1911.[34] John Dyneley Prince became president of the Senate in 1912, and is known to have acted as governor on at least 11 different occasions.[34]
  23. Fielder was out of the state for a time in June 1914; John W. Slocum, as president of the Senate, acted as governor for an unknown period.[35] Walter Evans Edge later became president of the Senate, and acted as governor for five weeks in 1915.[36] Later again, George W. F. Gaunt became president of the Senate and acted as governor, though only two days are specifically known: September 19, 1916 and October 9, 1916.[37]
  24. One source states that George W. F. Gaunt, as president of the Senate, acted as governor in 1917, but it is unknown if he was acting in place of James Fairman Fielder or Walter Evans Edge.[26]
  25. Edge resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as president of the senate, Runyon acted as governor until his senate term ended, then Case acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
  26. Edge was out of the state for a time in 1918; Thomas F. McCran, as president of the Senate, is known to have acted as governor, but for an unknown period.[26]
  27. Moore resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. As president of the senate, Powell acted as governor until his senate term expired, at which point Prall, as the new president of the senate, acted as governor for the remainder of the term.
  28. This was the first term under the 1947 constitution, which increased term lengths to four years.[5]
  29. Whitman resigned to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. As president of the senate, DiFrancesco acted as governor until his senate term expired. However, a 2006 law considers anyone who has acted as governor longer than 180 days to be considered a full governor, retroactive to January 1, 2001, and as such, DiFrancesco is considered to have fully succeeded to the post. However, there were 90 minutes between the end of the senate term and the beginning of the next one; during this time, Attorney General Farmer acted as governor.[38] The new state senate was evenly split between Republicans and Democrats.[39] The compromise to pick a senate president – and therefore, an acting governor – was to have John Bennett, a Republican, act as governor from 1:30pm January 8 to 12:01am January 12, and Democrat Richard Codey would then act from 12:01am January 12 to noon on January 15, at which point the elected governor took office.[40]
  30. McGreevey resigned due to a sex scandal. As president of the senate, Codey acted as governor until his senate term expired. However, a 2006 law considers anyone who has acted as governor longer than 180 days to be considered a full governor, retroactive to January 1, 2001, and as such, Codey is considered to have fully succeeded to the post.
  31. Corzine was severely injured in a car accident on April 12, 2007; Richard Codey, as president of the Senate, acted as governor until May 7, 2007.[41] Corzine also left the country in 2010 for a vacation to Switzerland; Stephen M. Sweeney, as president of the Senate, acted as governor from January 14 to around January 17.[42]
  32. Murphy's second term will expire on January 20, 2026; He will be term limited.

References
General
Constitutions
Specific
  1. NJ Constitution article V
  2. 1776 Constitution article 7
  3. 1844 Constitution article V, § 2
  4. 1844 Constitution article V, § 3
  5. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 5
  6. 1844 Constitution article V, § 12
  7. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 6, original
  8. NJ Constitution article XI, § 7
  9. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 4
  10. NJ Constitution article V, § 1, cl. 6, as amended
  11. New Jersey Legislature. P.L.2005, c. 282.: Provides title of person who serves as Acting Governor for continuous period of at least 180 days will be "Governor of the State of New Jersey" for official and historical purposes. Approved January 9, 2006, retroactive to January 1, 2001. Accessed January 6, 2008.
  12. Report p. 122
  13. Report p. 123
  14. Lee pp. 155–156
  15. Report p. 124
  16. Report pp. 125–126
  17. Lee pp. 160–161
  18. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 127
  19. Whitehead, John (1897). The Civil and Judicial History of New Jersey, Volume I. The Boston History Company. p. 361. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
  20. Birkner, Michael (1984). Samuel L. Southard: Jeffersonian Whig. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-8386-3160-7. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
  21. Elmer, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus (1872). Collections of the New Jersey Historical Society, Volume VII. p. 175. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
  22. Lee pp. 377–378
  23. "Elias Pettit Seeley" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  24. "Foster McGowan Voorhees" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2010. This left Watkins, as speaker of the house of representatives, acting as governor for the remainder of the term.
  25. Lundy et al. (1905) p. 16
  26. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 22
  27. "Governor's Oaths". New Jersey Department of State. Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  28. Lundy et al. (1905) p. 284
  29. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 252
  30. "James Fairman Fielder" (PDF). New Jersey State Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  31. Documents of the One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Legislature of the State of New Jersey and the Sixty-Eighth Under the New Constitution. Vol. I. Trenton, New Jersey: State Gazette Publishing Company. 1912. p. 475. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  32. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 262
  33. Kerney p. 140
  34. Kerney p. 141
  35. Lundy et al. (1921) p. 361
  36. Congress, United States (1920). Official Congressional Directory, 2nd Edition, February 1920. p. 64. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  37. Jersey, New (1916). Acts of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey. pp. 1009–1010. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  38. David Kocieniewski (January 8, 2002). "Newark Stadium Bill Dies in Final Session". The New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2010. During the 90 minutes between Mr. DiFrancesco's departure and Mr. Bennett's swearing in, Attorney General John J. Farmer Jr. will formally hold the title of acting governor.
  39. David Kocieniewski (January 12, 2002). "The Hours of Power of an Acting Governor: Deconstructing Bennett's 3-Day Legacy". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  40. "New Jersey Governor John O. Bennett". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  41. David W. Chen (May 6, 2007). "Corzine to Resume Duties as Governor on Monday". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
  42. "New Jersey's New Senate President Fills in for Corzine". WNYC. January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
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