General MIDI Level 2
General MIDI Level 2 or GM2 is a specification for synthesizers which defines several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDI standard and is based on General MIDI and GS extensions. It was adopted in 1999 by the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA).
General requirements
- Number of Notes: 32 simultaneous notes
- MIDI Channels: 16
- Simultaneous Melodic Instruments – up to 16 (all Channels)
- Simultaneous Percussion Kits – up to 2 (Channel 10/11)
Parameters
Program and bank change events
General MIDI 2 compatible synthesizers access all of the 256 instruments by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 121 and using cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to select the variation bank before a Program Change. Variation bank 0 contains the full GM — that is, General MIDI 1 — sound set. Variations using other bank numbers are new to General MIDI 2, and correspond to variation sounds introduced in Roland GS.
Piano
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | Acoustic Grand Piano |
| 1 | Wide Acoustic Grand Piano | |
| 2 | Dark Acoustic Grand Piano | |
| 2 | 0 | Bright Acoustic Piano |
| 1 | Wide Bright Acoustic Piano | |
| 3 | 0 | Electric Grand Piano |
| 1 | Wide Electric Grand Piano | |
| 4 | 0 | Honky-Tonk Upright Piano |
| 1 | Wide Honky-Tonk Upright Piano | |
| 5 | 0 | Rhodes Electric Piano |
| 1 | Detuned Electric Piano 1 | |
| 2 | Electric Piano 1 Variation | |
| 3 | 60's Electric Piano 1 | |
| 6 | 0 | Chorused Electric Piano |
| 1 | Detuned Electric Piano 2 | |
| 2 | Electric Piano 2 Variation | |
| 3 | Electric Piano Legendaries | |
| 4 | Electric Piano Phaser | |
| 7 | 0 | Harpsichord |
| 1 | Coupled Harpsichord | |
| 2 | Wide Harpsichord | |
| 3 | Opened Harpsichord | |
| 8 | 0 | Clavinet |
| 1 | Pulse Clavinet |
Chromatic Percussion
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 9 | 0 | Celesta |
| 10 | 0 | Glockenspiel |
| 11 | 0 | Music Box |
| 12 | 0 | Vibraphones |
| 1 | Wide Vibraphones | |
| 13 | 0 | Marimbas |
| 1 | Wide Marimbas | |
| 14 | 0 | Xylophones |
| 15 | 0 | Tubular Bells |
| 1 | Church Bells | |
| 2 | Carillon | |
| 16 | 0 | Dulcimer/Santur |
Organ
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 17 | 0 | Drawbar Organ 1 |
| 1 | Detuned Drawbar Organ | |
| 2 | 60's Drawbar Organ | |
| 3 | Drawbar Organ 2 | |
| 18 | 0 | Percussive B3 Organ 1 |
| 1 | Detuned Percussive B3 Organ | |
| 2 | Percussive B3 Organ 2 | |
| 19 | 0 | Rock Organ |
| 20 | 0 | Church Organ 1 |
| 1 | Church Organ 2 | |
| 2 | Church Organ 3 | |
| 21 | 0 | Reed Organ |
| 1 | Puff Organ | |
| 22 | 0 | French Accordion |
| 1 | Italian Accordion | |
| 23 | 0 | Harmonica |
| 24 | 0 | Bandoneon |
Guitar
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 0 | Nylon-Strings Guitar 1 |
| 1 | Ukulele | |
| 2 | Open Nylon Guitar | |
| 3 | Nylon-Strings Guitar 2 | |
| 26 | 0 | Steel-Strings Guitar |
| 1 | 12-Strings Guitar | |
| 2 | Mandolin | |
| 3 | Steel-Strings Guitar With Body Tapped Sounds | |
| 27 | 0 | Jazz Guitar |
| 1 | Hawaiian Guitar | |
| 28 | 0 | Clean Electric Guitar |
| 1 | Chorus Guitar | |
| 2 | Mid Tone Guitar | |
| 29 | 0 | Muted Electric Guitar |
| 1 | Funky Guitar 1 | |
| 2 | Funky Guitar 2 | |
| 3 | Jazz Guitar Maniac | |
| 30 | 0 | Overdriven Guitar |
| 1 | Guitar Pinch | |
| 31 | 0 | Distortion Guitar |
| 1 | Feedbacker Guitar | |
| 2 | Distortion Rhythms Guitar | |
| 32 | 0 | Guitar Harmonics |
| 1 | Guitar Feedbacker |
Bass
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 33 | 0 | Acoustic Bass |
| 34 | 0 | Fingered Bass |
| 1 | Fingered Slapped Bass | |
| 35 | 0 | Picked Bass |
| 36 | 0 | Fretless Bass |
| 37 | 0 | Slapped Bass 1 |
| 38 | 0 | Slapped Bass 2 |
| 39 | 0 | Synth-Bass 1 |
| 1 | Synth-Bass 101 | |
| 2 | Synth-Bass 3 | |
| 3 | Clavi Bass | |
| 4 | Hammer | |
| 40 | 0 | Synth-Bass 2 |
| 1 | Synth-Bass 4 | |
| 2 | Rubber Bass | |
| 3 | Attack Pulsed Bass |
Orchestra Solo
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 41 | 0 | Violin |
| 1 | Slow Violin | |
| 42 | 0 | Viola |
| 43 | 0 | Cello |
| 44 | 0 | Contrabass |
| 45 | 0 | Tremolo Strings |
| 46 | 0 | Pizzicato Strings |
| 47 | 0 | Harp |
| 1 | Yang Qin | |
| 48 | 0 | Timpani |
Orchestra Ensemble
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 49 | 0 | Strings Ensemble 1 |
| 1 | Orchestral Strings | |
| 2 | 60's Strings | |
| 50 | 0 | Strings Ensemble 2 |
| 51 | 0 | Synth-Strings 1 |
| 1 | Synth-Strings 3 | |
| 52 | 0 | Synth-Strings 2 |
| 53 | 0 | Choir Aahs 1 |
| 1 | Choir Aahs 2 | |
| 54 | 0 | Voice Oohs |
| 1 | Humming | |
| 55 | 0 | Synth-Voices |
| 1 | Analogue Synth-Voices | |
| 56 | 0 | Orchestral Hits |
| 1 | Bass Hits | |
| 2 | 6th' Hits | |
| 3 | European Hits |
Brass
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 57 | 0 | Trumpet |
| 1 | Dark Trumpet Soft | |
| 58 | 0 | Trombone 1 |
| 1 | Trombone 2 | |
| 2 | Bright Trombone | |
| 59 | 0 | Tuba |
| 60 | 0 | Muted Trumpet 1 |
| 1 | Muted Trumpet 2 | |
| 61 | 0 | French Horns 1 |
| 1 | French Horns 2 | |
| 62 | 0 | Brass Section 1 |
| 1 | Brass Section 2 | |
| 63 | 0 | Synth-Brass 1 |
| 1 | Synth-Brass 3 | |
| 2 | Analogue Synth-Brass 1 | |
| 3 | Jumping Brass | |
| 64 | 0 | Synth-Brass 2 |
| 1 | Synth-Brass 4 | |
| 2 | Analogue Synth-Brass 2 |
Reed
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 65 | 0 | Soprano Saxophone |
| 66 | 0 | Alto Saxophone |
| 67 | 0 | Tenor Saxophone |
| 68 | 0 | Baritone Saxophone |
| 69 | 0 | Oboe |
| 70 | 0 | English Horn |
| 71 | 0 | Bassoon |
| 72 | 0 | Clarinet |
Wind
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 73 | 0 | Piccolo |
| 74 | 0 | Flute |
| 75 | 0 | Recorder |
| 76 | 0 | Pan Flutes |
| 77 | 0 | Bottles Blown Flutes |
| 78 | 0 | Shakuhachi |
| 79 | 0 | Whistle |
| 80 | 0 | Ocarina |
Synth Lead
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 81 | 0 | Square Lead |
| 1 | Square Wave | |
| 2 | Sine Wave | |
| 82 | 0 | Saw Lead |
| 1 | Saw Wave | |
| 2 | Doctor Solo | |
| 3 | Natural Lead | |
| 4 | Sequenced Saw | |
| 83 | 0 | Synth Calliope |
| 84 | 0 | Chiffer Lead |
| 85 | 0 | Charang |
| 1 | Wire Lead | |
| 86 | 0 | Solo Synth Vox |
| 87 | 0 | 5th Saw Wave |
| 88 | 0 | Bass & Lead |
| 1 | Delayed Lead |
Synth Pad
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 89 | 0 | Fantasia Pad |
| 90 | 0 | Warm Pad |
| 1 | Sine Pad | |
| 91 | 0 | Polysynth Pad |
| 92 | 0 | Space Voice Pad |
| 1 | Itopia | |
| 93 | 0 | Bowed Glass Pad |
| 94 | 0 | Metal Pad |
| 95 | 0 | Halo Pad |
| 96 | 0 | Sweep Pad |
Synth Sound FX
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 97 | 0 | Ice Rain |
| 98 | 0 | Soundtrack |
| 99 | 0 | Crystal |
| 1 | Synth Mallet | |
| 100 | 0 | Atmosphere |
| 101 | 0 | Brightness |
| 102 | 0 | Goblin |
| 103 | 0 | Echo Drops |
| 1 | Echo Bell | |
| 2 | Echo Pan | |
| 104 | 0 | Star Theme |
Ethnic
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 105 | 0 | Sitar 1 |
| 1 | Sitar 2 | |
| 106 | 0 | Banjo |
| 107 | 0 | Shamisen |
| 108 | 0 | Koto |
| 1 | Taisho Koto | |
| 109 | 0 | Kalimba |
| 110 | 0 | Bagpipe |
| 111 | 0 | Fiddle |
| 112 | 0 | Shanai |
Percussive
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 113 | 0 | Tinkle Bells |
| 114 | 0 | Agogo |
| 115 | 0 | Steel Drums |
| 116 | 0 | Woodblock |
| 1 | Castanets | |
| 117 | 0 | Taiko |
| 1 | Concerto Basses Drums | |
| 118 | 0 | Melodic Toms 1 |
| 1 | Melodic Toms 2 | |
| 119 | 0 | Synth Drums |
| 1 | TR-808 Toms | |
| 2 | Electronic Percussion | |
| 120 | 0 | Reverse Cymbal |
Sound Effect
| Patch Number | Bank Number | Instrument Name |
|---|---|---|
| 121 | 0 | Guitar Fret Noise |
| 1 | Guitar Cut Noise | |
| 2 | String Slap | |
| 122 | 0 | Breath Noise |
| 1 | Flute Key Click | |
| 123 | 0 | Seashore |
| 1 | Rain | |
| 2 | Thunder | |
| 3 | Wind | |
| 4 | Stream | |
| 5 | Bubble | |
| 124 | 0 | Bird |
| 1 | Dog | |
| 2 | Horse-Gallop | |
| 3 | Bird 2 | |
| 125 | 0 | Telephone 1 |
| 1 | Telephone 2 | |
| 2 | Door Creaking | |
| 3 | Door Closing | |
| 4 | Scratch | |
| 5 | Wind Chimes | |
| 126 | 0 | Helicopter |
| 1 | Car-Engine | |
| 2 | Car-Stop | |
| 3 | Car-Pass | |
| 4 | Car-Crash | |
| 5 | Siren | |
| 6 | Train | |
| 7 | Jetplane | |
| 8 | Starship | |
| 9 | Burst Noise | |
| 127 | 0 | Applause |
| 1 | Laughing | |
| 2 | Screaming | |
| 3 | Punch | |
| 4 | Heart Beat | |
| 5 | Footsteps | |
| 128 | 0 | Gun Shot |
| 1 | Machine Gun | |
| 2 | Lasergun | |
| 3 | Explosion |
Drum sounds
These are the same patch numbers as defined in the original version of GS. Drum bank is accessed by setting cc#0 (Bank Select MSB) to 120 and cc#32 (Bank Select LSB) to 0 and PC (Program Change) to select drum kit.
| 1 | Standard Kit | The only kit specified by General MIDI Level 1 |
| 9 | Room Kit | Drums recorded with room ambience |
| 17 | Power Kit | More powerful kick and snare sounds with the addition of gated reverb |
| 25 | Electronic Kit | Sounds of various electronic drums |
| 26 | TR-808 Kit | Analog drum kit similar to Roland TR-808 |
| 33 | Jazz Kit | Softer kick and snare sounds than the Standard Kit |
| 41 | Brush Kit | Many brush sounds added |
| 49 | Orchestral Kit | A collection of concert drums and timpani |
| 57 | Sound FX Kit | A collection of sound effects |
Additional percussion notes
These are the same GS drum notes and span Drum Kits 1 to 49:
| 27 | High Q | 34 | Metronome Bell |
| 28 | Slap | 82 | Shaker |
| 29 | Scratch Push | 83 | Jingle Bell |
| 30 | Scratch Pull | 84 | Belltree |
| 31 | Sticks | 85 | Castanets |
| 32 | Square Click | 86 | Mute Surdo |
| 33 | Metronome Click | 87 | Open Surdo |
Supported Control Change messages
| CC | Function |
|---|---|
| 21/23 | Pitch Bend (MSB/LSB) |
| 0/32 | Bank Select (MSB/LSB) |
| 1 | Modulation Wheel |
| 2 | Breath Controller |
| 4 | Foot Controller |
| 5 | Portamento Time |
| 7 | Channel Volume |
| 10 | Pan |
| 64 | Damper Pedal On/Off (Sustain) |
| 65 | Portamento On/Off |
| 66 | Sostenuto On/Off |
| 67 | Soft Pedal On/Off |
| 79 | Sustain Level |
| 70 | Sound Variation |
| 71 | Timbre/Harmonic Intensity (filter resonance) |
| 72 | Release Time |
| 73 | Attack Time |
| 74 | Brightness (cutoff frequency) |
| 75 | Decay Time |
| 76 | Vibrato Rate |
| 77 | Vibrato Depth |
| 78 | Vibrato Delay |
| 91 | Effect 1 Depth (reverb send level) |
| 92 | Effect 2 Depth (formerly tremolo depth) |
| 93 | Effect 3 Depth (chorus send level) |
| 94 | Effect 4 Depth (formerly detune depth) |
| 95 | Effect 5 Depth (formerly phaser depth) |
| 6/38 | Data Entry (MSB/LSB) |
| 100/101 | Registered Parameter Number (MSB/LSB) |
| 121/123 | All controllers/notes off |
| 98/99 | NRPN (MSB/LSB) |
Supported Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs)
- Pitch Bend Sensitivity
- Channel Fine Tune
- Channel Coarse Tune
- Modulation Depth Range (Vibrato Depth Range)
- Velocity
Supported Universal System Exclusive (SysEx) messages
- Master Volume
- Master Fine Tuning
- Master Coarse Tuning
- Reverb Type
- Reverb Time
- Chorus Type
- Chorus Mod Rate
- Chorus Mod Depth
- Chorus Feedback
- Chorus Send to Reverb
- Controller Destination Setting
- Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust
- Key-Based Instrument Controllers
- GM2 System On
See also
References
External links
- MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA)
- Smithers, Brian. "General MIDI Redux". Electronic Musician.
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